Critical analysis of a tv show of film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical analysis of a tv show of film - testify ExampleThis paper helps to provide an insight into the emotional state of Juno, how she dealt with her problem of teenage pregnancy and how the people round her were affected, taking into account the stereotypical reactions and circumstances that she was thrust within. Juno the film has a actually basic accounting line as well as concept attached to the tale it is about a untried girl trying to explore the nooks and crannies of intimacy and relationships without construeing the implications that might arise along with the same. The film has been direct in a very concise manner make use of pencil stylized rotoscoped images rectify from the credits in the beginning, making use of animation in order to help the audience understand the maturity level of the girl and the kind of colourful life that she always wanted to live for herself. This good sequence took a period of seven to eight months to be mastered as each and all(preno minal) shot that follows Juno on her way to the medical pharmacy was taken in short screenings. The film olibanum helps teenagers to explore the kind of curiosity that reigns within them, and how the same should be understood not by apparently jumping in and trying things out with friends, but by reading about things and comprehending the facts about life from ones parents first. ... (Sciretta, Peter) The film achieved mass appeal because of the story telling as well as how the girl managed to learn her lesson without panicking much about the event. The various characters within the movie have been portrayed in a very interesting manner. The director has taken his time to choose the main protagonists and provide them with a different twist. Juno is a young teenage girl who comes off a little strong on the first meeting with everyone. Full of sarcasm, she helps to put an indie spin on the movie and gives a very intense performance with her dominating nature and need to control eve rything that might not even be in her reach. However, she understands where she went wrong by getting pregnant but decides to bring about a depart in a couples life with the help of her bumble who she is willing to give up in order to make someone else happy. There was a vast amount of dramatisation in the film played by the other characters, namely Junos parents which helped to calm the situation by making her understand what she had gone through, and helping her come out with a solution rather than screaming at her and making her feel the pain of the implications and consequences that she was already suffering. The two characters acted in an excellent manner, almost very veritable and lifelike, helping parents all around to understand how to cope with their tykeren if they befall such a similar situation in their future. Juno herself wonderfully shows the kind of solid and sincere relationship she always wanted a child to be under the influence of during his or her growing up years and thus decides to give the baby to the perfect couple who will be able to raise it with love and patience. The movie falls

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International financial management - Essay ExampleForeign deputize food market makes it possible for both private and commercial transactions including loans, investments, and distant trade. The existence of a foreign turn market is a result of economies employing national currencies rather than a common currency (Kumar, and Mukherjee, 2007 Butcher, 2011). If the realness economy was to use a single currency, foreign markets could not be a necessity. The foreign transfigure market is exceedingly active, and it is largely an over the counter market. Although the exchanges trade futures and option, a be of transactions argon over the counter (Brigham, and Houston, 2009). The future expected get along price is the markets belief about an assets defacement price in the future (Poniachek, 2012). This leads to a question of whether or not one locoweed use the current forward price to predict the particular future spot price. A number of hypotheses have been in place to try clarif ying the relationship between the expected future spot price, and the current forward price (Wang, 2009). In the field of financial economics, there has been intensive examination by researchers on the Forward Rate Unbiased Hypothesis (FRUH), as Kumar (2011) indicates. ... This means that organizations thunder mug look upon a future exchange roam that is prevailing today as the spot rate of the future see (Sharan, 2006 Carbaugh, 2011). In the case of an assumption that the forex market is rational or efficient, the spot rate that is common at the future date should be in tandem with the future rate for that date established in the market today. Contrary to this belief, scientific evidence indicates that there are significant variations between the forward market pass judgment and the spot rates (Kumar, 2011). In addition, the studies have not been able to produce any genuine evidence to prove that forward market rate can predict the future spot rates. almost forecasters hold t he believe that foreign exchange markets for the principal floating currencies are efficient, and that forward market rates are an unbiased indicators of the future spot exchange rates. Unbiased prediction implies that the forward exchange rate will, on average, underestimate and overestimate the actual future spot exchange rate in equal degree and frequency. in that respect is a probability that the forward market rate may not be equivalent to the future spot exchange rates. This relationships rationale is founded on the assumption that a) There is a quick reflection of all relevant information in both the forward exchange markets and spot exchange markets b) Instruments that are denominated in the various currencies are perfect alternates for each other c) achievement costs are minimal 3. The future spot rate and the forward rate One can make out the relationship between the forward market rate and the expected future spot rate on the unbiased forward rate theory. This theory c laims that the forward exchange rate is the superlative, and a balanced,

Analysis and interpretations of Glaxo Smithkline Beechem' financial Essay

Analysis and interpretations of Glaxo Smithkline Beechem financial statements - Essay Exampleed his laxative pills business in England in 1842 Following its successful business, Beecham started the worlds first factory for manufacture of medicines at St Helens in England in 1859. In 1885, Thomas Beechams company became the first to get electricity in the area St Helens both years after the company set up its headquarters at Silver Street and piss Street in 1885. Beechams production of laxative pills reached 1 million per day by 1913. In 1945, it became Beecham Group Ltd with the merger of Beecham Pills Ltd and Beechams Estates Ltd. In 1972, Beechams scientists introduced its look for product Amoxicillin, a widely employ antibiotic till today in 1972 (GlaxoSmithkline). 4 Smithkline Allen and Handburys Ltds predecessor Plough Court chemists was started by Silvanus Beevan in capital of the United Kingdom in 1715. John K Smith started his first drugs store in Philadelphia in 1830 and his brother George joined him in 1841 to form John K Smith & Co which was afterward joined by Mahlon Kline as a bookkeeper in 1865 to become Smith and Shoemaker. He took additional responsibilities as a salesman and added many large businesses as its customers which resulted in the formation of Smith Kline and Company in 1875 in recognition of Kilines contribution to the business. The new company acquired French firm Richards and Company in 1891 garnering in a wide range of consumer brands. In 1929, it was renamed as Smith Kline and French Laboratories to mainly focus on research. In 1950s, the company introduced anti-psychotic drug chlorpromazine which revolutionized treatment of mental illness and became the first generation exchange nervous system drug. In 1952, the company brought out the time-released drug of dextoamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) and used it in Spansule which was novel... This research talks about Glaxo Welcome and Smithkline Beechem, the four companies whose histories date back to eighteenth century formally unite in 2000 to become GlaxcoSmithKline Plc (GSK). Thus, GSK was incorporated in December 1999 under English Law and shares were listed on the London Stock Exchange and the youthful York stock exchange. Eventually in December 2000, GSK acquired Glaxo Welcome Plc and Smithkline Beecham Plc.The synergy sexual climax from their joining together since the year 2000 has been responsible for their growth ever since till today. The company has maintained the turnover rate at 28.4 bn as in last year although earnings per share have sharply declined to 32.1 p from 109.1 p in last year. R & D expenditure was at 14 % of the companys total sales. There has been 20 % growth in the sale of Horlicks in India, Sensodyne tooth paste has been the fastest maturement toothpaste brand during the last five years, 1.4 bn doses of vaccines have been supplied to 179 countries and 24 % of the sales turnover comes from emerging markets excluding USA, Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Its business model has been a balanced synergistic business with multiple growth drivers supporting a core pharmaceutical operation. Vaccines for Malaria at the stage of phase III trials are ongoing in 7 African countries. It has been planned to supply 300 m doses of Synflorix, the vaccination for pneumococcal illness at a reduced price during the next decade to the developing countries in continuation of the supply of the vaccine to Kenya in the past.

Individualized Education Program for Children Suspected with Autism Essay - 1

Individualized Education Program for Children Suspected with Autism - Essay ExampleLanguage test Analysis This is an informal discernment that seeks to gauge the level of mastery of communication. It is routinely conducted for both verbal (children that empennage speak and nonverbal children (unable to speak). The communication of a child is recorded either on a painting camera or a tape recorder depending on whether a child can buy the farm verbally or objectives to be achieved. Analysis of the recorded material is thereafter done on the distance of sentences, the use of grammar and communication functions for speaking children. In nonverbal students, the analysis is usually done on gestures and movements do by the children in their endeavour to communicate (Fouse, 1999).Play-based assessment This assessment is appropriate for young children before they distort the age of six. Children suspected to have autism are usually observed in both structured and uncrystallized pla y situations where another person facilitates and dictates the proceedings. As such, it is quite helpful in providing information about a childs level of development in relation to age, social-emotional, cognitive and language domains. For this assessment to be successful, it must be implemented by a multidisciplinary team that constitutes parents and other specialists. It is, therefore, a very beta tool for checking the performance level of a child beside assessing other related services and performances (Fouse, 1999).Mother superintendence for ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) should be carried on the mother to ascertain some critical information to the diagnosis of ASD. This informal assessment usually starts with getting the history of a family for the determination of whether other family members had been diagnosed with ASD and especially a sibling of the touched child. This is important because research has shown that young siblings of children diagnosed with ASD are ten time s more likely to be diagnosed with the same.

Puerto Rico History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puerto Rico History - Essay exampleThe most significant among such encounters were the wars fought between Spanish territorial invaders and Americans (History). The continual aggression of these forces resulted in the decelerate elimination of Tainos culture by the end of 16th century. By the end of 19th century, the continually fought Spanish-American wars think with Americans claiming the control of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico).The control of Puerto Rico by Americans started bringing considerable changes to the socio-economic and political conditions of Puerto Ricans. The stage was organise for modernization and started creating a congenial atmosphere of American commercial growth plans. The initial step in this direction was rationalization of currency of Puerto Rico(Puerto Rico). The development and implementation of uniform polices for the government employees which included stipulated working hours of cardinal hours a day, along with the enforcement of freedom of assembly, sp eech, press and religion. In addition, steps to improve the educational system was initiated by starting public school and all-encompassing the US postal service to this island (Puerto Rico). The better transportation was planned, highways extended and bridges constructed across major rivers and canals to enhance the development. The better health care systems started reducing the child mortality rates and controllight-emitting diode various endemic diseases. The period also showed creation of in the buff political parties - Republican troupe and American Federal party (Puerto Rico).In order to get more democratic rights a new political party called nationalistic party was founded in the year 1922 (History). Being more politically aggressive, Nationalist party started intensifying its protests by boycotting the various collective political exercises. This resulted in distancing the party from the existing authorities. This led to the incident

Computer Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Architecture - Research Paper casefulIt is important to ensure that all the learners comprehend the extent of the using an operating form before examine in details slightly the internal implementation algorithms and data configurations. This means that there is a descent between both the use of operating systems (externals) and the designing and implementation (internals) of an operating system (Ramachandran and Leahy 136). Learning about the internal design has significance in different beas such as algorithm design and implementation, dear programming, modern device development, caching material across the web, building virtual environments, network management, building secure and rock-steady systems and others The main purpose of this application is to convey a comprehensive understanding of the algorithms and equivalent skill that is utilize within operating systems, it also involves the merging of the knowledge acquired in the course that would help the learner s value the trade-os problematic in the process that allow the designing and implementing an operating system. The OSes are the main software systems that show diverse s/w engineering issues. Most of the OSes cause problems mainly in concurrency. For this reason, a number of volume tend to end up writing OSes and provide modifications to the existing systems for example, Linux. Linux is embedded software for the normal computer hardware in the operating systems. Various subsystems that complete the functions & structures in the CPU Scheduling as well l as scheduling for the multiprocessors. CPU has different components such as registers (Ramachandran and Leahy 106). These are the transitory storage sites that could memory the references to memory locations where the next instruction was carried out. It also allows the CPU to keep its eminence information. It also has the Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU). Its purpose is to carry out the real implementation of complex arithmetical func tions and logical operations on data. The ALU execute the four functions add, increment, nand, and subtract. The CPU should also have the control unit that controls and coordinate the systems different applications, codes and the Operating Systems instructions that are universe implemented. It also allows the winning of the code, and in the interpretation of the codes, that supervises the completion of the different instructions set. The control unit establishes the application instruction that is being processed and what to prioritize. It controls when instructions are implemented, and this implementation allows the applications to process data (Ramachandran and Leahy 225). The Instructions that are set are enhanced with interrupt support. The LC-2200-32 is the 32-bit computer that has 16 broad registers and a program counter (PC) register separately. all told addresses are normally word addresses. The Register 0 is usually wired to vigor. Likewise, it always translates to be z ero and written as ignored. The LC-2200-32 processor enhanced with interrupt support instructions, and the FSM for its implementation. These guidebooks presume that one has familiarity with the LC-2200 data path. software is currently all around and the need for individuals to design, develop, test, and retain excellent applications that extend to develop annually. Additionally, Software tendency and Development involves the learning of methodologies, concepts, processes, and technologies that contribute to

Money and banking(Information asymmetries and information cost) Essay

Money and banking(Information asymmetries and information cost) - Essay Examplendividual or organization spends in order to tick that a particular activity or investment is prudent and viable to invest in referable to the provisions of profitability (North, 2007, p. 06). It is necessary for companies to do enough research before engaging or entrance into a concern activity. This will help reduce the risks involved in starting a impudent business venture.Information asymmetry refers to situations where relevant information is parti whollyy conveyed to the relevant parties in line with the business on a particular product. For instance, when considering decision makers on a specified product, it is adept to enlighten all the participants in the marketing chain (both sellers and buyers), equal information in regard to a product (Eyler, 2009, p. 18).The monetary crisis experienced between 2007- 2009 necessitated exploration of the RCR regulatory capital requirements weaknesses by t he financial firms to take undercapitalized risks between $dollars 2- 3 trillion in a way that compromised the US economy resulting into consolidation of the mortgage market by residential and commercial real estates. However, other explorers like commercial credits also suffered from the same (Das, 2006, p. 39).The low gear case was that the banks devolved funds to their risk loan portfolios through a process referred to as off- balance- sheet vehicles referred to as structured investment conduits and vehicles. However, this provided facts on remarkable asset based growth in commercial document prior to the crisis period (Das, 2006, p. 42).The second case involved the buying of underpriced protection obtained from IAG explain this and monocline insurers due to the cognizance that banks would pocket the difference between the monocline and the spread of the AAA instruments of securitization tranches since both the IAG and AAA had enough capital to foul the insurance as well as i nsufficiency in systemic crisis. This led to effective resort hotel back to the institutions of

UDL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UDL - Assignment ExampleLesson ideas are well established by offering replete(p) plans, along with tips on introducing the topic, which would help someone to better understand how a topic should be brought up to students. Internet resources about poetry slams, including books and visual aid, supplement the lesson plans and offer extra material to be added, or to allow the teacher to tweak already existing ideas. By providing internet resources and online plans, the lesson is appealing to the modern development style of using technology to assist comprehension. The chart of alternative methods is extremely useful in sympathy how to better deal with children who have special learning requirements. Specific issues are addressed, and then are answered with workable suggestions, backed up by internet resources. Clever solutions are mentioned to deal with comprehension issues, such as using a text-to-speech tool on the computer to help students understand how to read or express certain words. This specific area of the arts is perfect for helping students with comprehension and reading techniques.

Same sex couple SHOULD BE allowed to marry Essay

alike sex couple SHOULD BE solelyowed to marry - Es narrate ExampleCountries like Belgium, Netherlands and Canada give legal assistance to homosexual marriage. Above all as the comparable sex couples screw each other and piece to live together it is their right to pursue their option (Filer, 2010).Denial of same sex marriage is fetid in anyway and many supportive aspects could be found in this regard. First of all universe a homosexual or lesbian does not deny a person his or her citizenship. So, all the citizens of a nation should have equal rights. There should not be a division on the basis of their gender. As the heterosexual has the freedom to marry the person whom he or she loves the person who prefers same sex should also be allowed to marry the one whom he or she likes. The constitution of a commonwealth is written for all the citizens of that country and the denial of their rights is unjust on the part of the constitution. Government should not impede in peoples pr ivate affairs and the denial of marriage to a certain segment of population is forgive discrimination. Marriage should take place on the basis of the love between two persons and gender is not a determining factor of ones love. It is the fundamental right of every citizen. As love is the main factor of married life denial of union between two sweet hearts just because of same sex is cruel and barbaric.People who stand against same sex marriage say that marriage is for procreation. But that is a wrong idea as marriage primarily aims at loving and caring of two persons. More over there are a number of heterosexual couples who do not procreate. There have been attempts to portrait gay as deviants and overturn their right to marry as per their will. Most probably apparitional are there behind it, especially the catholic. But one should place upright in mind the fact that the constitution is written not exclusively for any particular religious group and it is not a religious document (Homosexuality and

Is Social Networking a Problem Rather Than a Unique Benefit Offered to Essay

Is tender Networking a Problem Rather Than a Unique Benefit Offered to Online Users - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that freshly-fangled advances in cordial networking have turned sociable networks into a unique instrument of education and health care. neer before had medical and education professionals been so advanced and equipped in terms of computer technologies. As long as social networking enables communication and promotes continuous widening of social contacts, it can be universally applied in all fields of human functioning. In one of their recently published articles, Conole and Culver set forth the way social networking could be used in learning design. The fundamental principles of Web 2.0 and cloud calculate display unprecedented learning potentials. Social networking has proved to serve the needs of instructional designers and teachers, by creating an standard atmosphere of socialization and interactivity in the analysis and design of new learning frameworks. Act ually, cloud computing is one of the most(prenominal) recent and promising trends affecting social networking. Based on the principles of collective intelligence and user-generated content, present-day social networks favor connectivity and even create a virtual social tangibleity in which billions of users around the solid ground communicate and live. Another recent achievement in the social networking field is the development of social networking applications for the healthcare industry. Again, Web 2.0 technologies drive the emergence of new technological solutions and platforms. Eysenbach describes Web 2.0 applications that facilitate social networking, apomediation, participation, collaboration and bareness among medical professionals. Social networking has become so popular in medicine that the Journal of Medical cyberspace Research publishes regular Web 2.0 theme issues. Yet, it would be fair to say that, despite the growing complexity of social networking features, they do not cross the boundaries of cloud computing and Web 2.0. Everything new that has been created in the social networking field in the past years is directly linked to the principles of Web 2.0. The latter became a real revolution in computer sciences, but it is time for social network developers to move onto a new quality level of collaboration and networking performance. Social networks have considerable advantages, but they also display sedate weaknesses. Privacy is at the heart of most, if not all, problems associated with the development and implementation of social networks. It is a privacy problem that allows users to preserve their anonymity and, simultaneously, makes it easier for them to monitor other users activity. Social networks create a vision of secrecy, encouraging users to manage their most intimate thoughts and concerns online.

Business Report about Olympic Games 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business key about Olympic Games 2012 - Essay ExampleThere are six strategies that one can usage to market their company at little to no cost.Marketing a business via shrink plough is a method that has been around for quite some time and still continues to be the method of choice. Because businesses allow have to do a great deal with earth relations, as they work with and serve the public interest, matter electric receptacles are just one more way to keep the public engaged, so they provide be more than likely to seek out the products and services that businesses offer. Press releases can be use to market the opening of a company. They can also be used to promote new products or services. If a company is sponsoring a special event, such as that of the Olympic Games, a press release can also be used to announce this, so people will not plainly attend the event but will possibly become customers for many years to come. While press releases are wonderful for getting word out a bout the business with very little parkway at all, there are a few rules that need to be followed, should this particular method be utilized. An article titled, Still the One, Crafting the Perfect Press release, sheds some insight into what they are. First of all, press releases need to be concise. They moldiness not contain a bunch of useless rhetoric. Should press releases not be concise, the care of their audiences will be lost, thus making them ineffective and a useless waste of time. Secondly, press releases must communicate real news. They should not talk about things that are of no real concern. The news that is be communicated has to be something that is really going to affect the audiences. Finally, when constructing press releases, the inverted pyramid method needs to be used. This method is to start out small by engaging the readers, build up bigger and larger throughout the press release, and then give a call to action at the end, meaning that this is the largest sign ify of all that needs to be made. Something else to remember is that press releases should not be overdone, meaning being released frequently too often, or it will detract from the overall reputation of the business. Should a business release press releases too often, their audiences

Role of Entrepreneurs in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of Entrepreneurs in Organizations - Essay ExampleAn entrepreneur is a person who organizes and mobilizes resources-people, m iodiney, skills, thinkers and market to create something that did not exist before and which is feasibility profitable.( Academy of engineering, 1978).An entrepreneur harmonize to Drucker(1985) is someone who perceives and exploits opportunities. This implies that an entrepreneurship is a process of creating new and valuable things which includes ideas and converting into a usable product that make full a need (Hisrich and Peter, 1985). The increasing importance of entrepreneurship accentuates why small ventures are growing at a meteoric rate than large organizations. A similar survey indicates that over the last decade, small ventures created more line of productss than the larger which instead, continues to lose jobs (Drucker, 1985). Furthermore, the changes in the business environment such as harsh global as salutary as the local competition, sudd en and unexpected alteration of demand, the rapid acceleration of technological reading and affix in risks. Innovation and creativity have become essential for survival, growth and profitability in forthwiths business world as evidenced in the leadership styles, product and market development strategic moves and innovations and immense creativity. Another feature of that has changed the face of entrepreneurs in an organization is the growing ne iirking. This network loafer be characterized by increasing market forces, co-operation between planetary houses, collaboration for research and development, subcontracting, outsourcing and strategic alliances that have leapfrogged firms profitability and ironed further the roles that entrepreneurship performs in organizations. As no firm can rightfully operate on its own, each depends on the other for survival in the competitive world. Question two There are various types of entrepreneurs. The scope of entrepreneurs is determined by th e nature of the business venture, the real documental of starting up the business. First, there is a business entrepreneur. This is entrepreneurs who conceptualize of a business idea, start and negotiate the business. In business arena, they generate noble ideas, exchange goods and services with tailoring all the marketing and flaw building to attract and increase the sales volume of their products. They manufacture and innovates new and unique products and services which satisfy the customers needs by alleviating the prevailing problems. For instance, Sir Branson of UK serves as an imperative example. Business entrepreneur plans, organize, develop and manages corporate affairs with immense creativity and skill that champion their corporate firms into profitable ventures. For instance, former General Electric long-serving CEO, tinkers damn Welch who stirred the firm into greater heights in performance. Second, there are technology-based entrepreneurs endowed with skill and full (prenominal) technical knowledge in technology. The technical entrepreneur poses high skills in product crafts and focuses mainly on the product design and development so as to supply the market with sophisticated products. The non-technical entrepreneurs focus on the non-technical aspects such as marketing, distributions and pricing strategies to promote the sales of the product while the professional entrepreneurs are the one who creates new technology or an idea and sells to others in form patents and other copyrights. Third, there are motivational based entrepreneurs. First, pure motivational entrepreneur create jobs for other rather than seeking a job for himself. They pose a high desire to create a new venture or an idea that will create jobs and improve the living standards for others. Others in this category include ,induced entrepreneurs who are encouraged by the government to invest in

Reflective Journal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective Journal - Coursework ExampleAccomplishment of drawship roles requires leaders to be equipped with the indispensable skills for that purpose. Certo S. and Certo T. (2012) posit that a leader should have ability to delegate duties to the right persons to ensure work continues hitherto when they are away. Secondly, effective communication skills enable leaders to describe clearly and succinctly the roles, requirements and procedures to their subjects (Salagean, Ilie, Gherman & Pampa, 2013). Thirdly, a leader should be confident in order to assure organisational stakeholders that setbacks are natural and the necessary objective is to centralize on the larger goal for organisational prosperity.I cogitate accomplishing my goals with the help from a network of other mint would be beneficial than struggling in my own. According to Latham (2014), raft can identify other peoples strengths and weaknesses faster than they can identify their own. Using a network also encourages shared goals and outcomes in addition to beneficial contributions made by people with experience in leadership environments. I believe I am not perfect therefore, I need other people to help me pause my leadership

HIV in Humanitarian Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

human immunodeficiency virus in Humanitarian Contexts - Essay ExampleThe outcome is the need to stop HIV and to assist those which atomic number 18 a threat to the health of otherwises continues to increase while PLHIV treatments be in need of reaching large groups of individuals (Smith, 2010). The need to approach this issue is one which is based on responding to emergency situations as well as considering the growing numbers of individuals who are in need of treatment that realise PLHIV. The take to assist those who call for PLHIV are continuing to increase not only from the responses which are required to emergency situations or the airing of the disease in specific regions because of the lack of resources. It is also noted that there are human-centred needs associated with different(a) regions. The concept of human-centered responses is one which is associated with responding to vulnerable groups and ensuring that resilience can be built in situations because of the s ervices provided. The humanitarianism which is provided first takes place in emergency situations in which an outbreak or other problem arises. There are also some specific concepts which are linked to assisting vulnerable groups because of culture, purchasable resources and service provisions which combine with food, education and sanitation methods (Okal, Bergmann, 2007). Examining the humanitarian methods and designs, gaps that are associated with the needs in various communities and the way in which these can be reconsidered develops a stronger reasonableness of what is needed to assist those suffering from PLHIV. This research study will examine the veritable status of humanitarian efforts, how this is creating changes or gaps in providing assistance for PLHIV as well as how different designs can create stronger responses to those who are suffering from PLHIV. By examining these various associations with humanitarian responses, there will be the ability to identify the gaps in assisting those with PLHIV as well as understanding how designs can be changed to assist communities in need of humanitarian assistance. Methodology The methodology that will be used will consist of two main studies that will define the needs for those suffering from PLHIV and the humanitarian responses that are required. The first is a review of existing literature. This will examine various statistics from specific organizations which have designs and methods for assisting those who have PLHIV. This will also consist of other pertinent literature that is based on the current understanding of how to respond to outbreaks and what this means to those who are in specific settings. The research methodology will be combined with communication through questionnaires. This will be sent to offices in various regions around the globe. The object of these questionnaires will be to look at the designs which are currently used to respond to PLHIV in various regions as well as what the str engths and weaknesses of the design are. By examining these various types of responses, conclusions can be drawn which strike to the gaps in designs which are used to respond to the needs of PLHIV in a humanitarian context. Special unavoidably of PLHIV in Humanitarian Contexts The first concept which is associated with PLHIV in human context is based on the vulnerabilities which are established in responding to specific needs. The risk for HIV is known to be a main constituent in specific areas that lack infrastructure

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS - attempt ExampleThis is must to have a clear mission and strategic plan, as well as annual objectives. These be the blueprints that validate and guide the ideas emerging from the process of change. Detailed and outward-looking research into the organisation and grapheme in it, as well as larger economic, demographic, political and social trends, are also important. To form about change via bedevil management must be as thorough as a new business start up.Learning serves as a basis for a competitive project management. It is to make company capable of utilising and encouraging the development of familiarity and skills of all employees across all serviceable levels. The company must integrate the k at presentledge into each member of project management team, and encourage and strengthen all modes of learning, and align all of this learning with the companys strategic business directions. (Smith, 2005)The changes in the contemporary knowledge are in the background of many of the emerging challenges in project management, human resource and employee relationship in organisations. The practices of project management in global firms have their own value and status to gain knowledge for their success. The speed and quality in addressing the needs of learning is deciding the winners of tomorrow. Hence, success of a project is now depending on the ways its project management team practices, gain and responds towards available knowledge.However to be telling player in this new environment organisations have to be more flexible dynamic and to get an efficient project environment. They need to master a wide variety of skills, and the strategy of success should get around the interdependent layers of organisational capabilities which will reinforce each other across all the businesses, functions and markets. The secrecy throne such success of a project implies in developing the people who can act from

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources Research Paper

Radioactive materials and other polutants in pee sources - Research Paper guinea pigWater pollution is the term that refers to the contamination of irrigate bodies, which include lakes, rivers, oceans and ground irrigate. Water pollution is answerd by pollutants which ar discharged either directly or indirectly into the water bodies with come on proper treatment for the removal of the poisonous components. Water pollution affects plants and other living organisms that are present in water bodies the effect of water pollution is not only damaging individual species and populations, but in fact the natural biological communities as well. Surface waters are referred to as natural water resources or the Earth. Surface water pollution is divided into two major categories point sources and non-point sources. Point source pollution is where pollution is caused from a single source and can also be identified. Non-point source pollution is where pollution is not caused by yet one sour ce in fact it is the diffused contamination that occurs from different sources rather than just one. (Water Pollution Guide)There are many causes for water pollution. The first major water pollution pollutant is sewer and wastewater. Activities such as domestic work, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater which then pours in the livid water stream and contaminates it. Sewages water contains pollutants such as faeces, urine and laundry wastes. The world population has reached 7 billion, therefore, sewer treatment is vital and population is like to grow hence we need to take of this cause or there will be ever-increasing water pollution. Sewage is a major problem oddly in the growth countries where they do not have access to good sanitary conditions and safe water. untreated sewage causes diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage is mainly biodegradable but approximatelytimes is contains chemicals and pharmaceutical substances, sewage also contains viruses and bacteria t hus causing health problems. (Fuller) Another major cause of water pollution is marine dumping. Marine dumping is when humans dump garbage into the sea or ocean. This then causes the water to directly become polluted. This is a major problem throughout the world and the developing countries in particular. Since developing countries do not have a proper waste disposal system then the bulk dump their waste into the sea. For instance Karachi, a city in Pakistan, used to attract high poesy of tourist because of their geographical location that has much than 6 beaches. However, due to marine dumping tourism in that region has dropped tremendously in that region. Different items take different times to degrade in water, some take a shorter time for instance cardboard two days, and some take a really long time for instance plastic packaging material about 400 years. (Fuller) One more major cause of water pollution is industrial water and waste. Industrial waste is a broad cause of w ater pollution because it produces pollutants that are very harmful and dangerous to the people and the environment. Many industrial facilities use fresh water as a source to wash and carry their waste out of their vicinity into different water bodies. There are ample amounts of industrial pollutants. First is asbestos. Asbestos is carcinogenic and is a serious health hazard. It can be inhaled and can cause deadly diseases such as lung,

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem reincarnation EssayI. IntroductionThe Atlantic slave trade caused the large action of Africans across different p humanistic discipline of the world largely in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. This African Diaspora brought about eleven jillion of mysterious people in the New orbit (P. Larson. Reconsidering Trauma, Identity, and the African Diaspora Enslavement and Historical Memory in Nineteenth-Century Highland Madagascar). The descendants of those that were brought in the Americas, chiefly those in the United States working as slaves in the south, posterior experienced a nonher diaspora moving from the south to the north to escape the hardships brought about by intense racial discrimination. A large portion had settled in the city of Harlem, New York City which opened up a surge of excellent creative workings done by ghastlys and became in vogue for roughly time. This period came to be known as the Harlem conversion, also variously known as the New total darknes s feat, or the New Negro rebirth. This was a period of outstanding creativity expressed in optical arts, writings, and unison during this large movement of black population, wherein the African-American Diaspora has moved into larger cities. It changed the character of black American art kit and boodle, from conventional imitations of white artists to sophisticated explorations and expressions of black purport and culture that revealed and stimulated a new potency and racial pride.The movement centered in the vast black ghetto of Harlem, in New York City, thus the public figure of the movement. Harlem became the place of gathering for aspiring black artists, writers, and musicians, sharing their experiences and providing mutual encouragement for one an otherwise.The term Harlem Renaissance is a misnomer. If measured by quantity alone, it was more than a birth than a rebirth, for never before had so many black Americans produced so much literary, artistic, and scholarly materia l at the aforesaid(prenominal) time. If measured by quality, however, it was actually a continuum, the quickening of a lively stream fed earlier by the important works of poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, novelist and short story writer Charles W. Chestnutt, poet and novelist Hames Weldon Johnson and the essays of Du Bois.The Harlem Renaissance created a steady break finished, wherein it marked the first time wherein literary and artistic works done by African Americans gained in national attention and interest. Doors of opportunities were opened for such works to be publicized and presented to the general public, which before were not possible. Although its briny achievement is found primarily in literature, it also bore the great African-American works in politics and other creative mediums such as visual art, music, and theater that explored different aspects of black American emotional state (R. Twombly. Harlem Renaissance).II. Background and DiscussionDuring the early part of the 1900s, Black Nationalism and racial consciousness began to emerge particularly during the 1920s. One key factor that helped this development was the surfacing of the black warmness figure, which in turn were brought about by the increasing number of educated blacks who had found employment opportunities and a certain degree of economic advancement after the American Civil War (Harlem Renaissance).During World War I, thousands of black people left the depressed rural South for jobs in northern demurral plants. Known as the Great Migration, more African Americans established themselves in cities such as Harlem, in New York City. They were socially conscious, and became a center of political and cultural development of the black Americans. This population created racial tensions over housings and employment that resulted in increased black militancy about rights, including vigorous storm by the national Association for the Advancement of colored People (NAACP) and other civil right s organizations. Fore about for this black movements agenda, which was expressed in various mediums, is to clamor for racial equality. Championing the cause were black intellectuals W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke. snowy responses to these developments were both negative and positive. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups reached their peak of northern popularity during the 1920s. At the same time un super acid white interest in racial maters created a large audience for black authors who began to settle in the district of New York City known as Harlem. Like other black ghettoes, Harlem was a new, untapped source of themes and materials, which partially accounts for its popularity among artists and intellectuals, but unlike other ghettoes it was a newly constructed, fashionable, residential section. Functioning as a kind of black mecca, Harlems excellent housing, its prestige, excitement, and cosmopolitan flavor, attracted a black middle class from which sprang its art istic and literary set.A. General CharacteristicsNot all works during this movement is militant in nature. However, participants and contributors in the Renaissance were intensely race-conscious, proud of their heritage of being black, and much in love with their community. Most of them, some(a) more subtly than others, criticized racial exploitation. Partly as a tribute to their achievements and partly as a reflection of their racial self-aw atomic number 18ness, the Renaissance members were collectively called New Negroes, also indicating that they had replaced the (largely white created) literary image of the comic, slaphappy plantation Negro with the proud, busy, independent black man of the northern city.The New Negroes were generally integrationists, optimistically rendering their own individual successes as harbingers of improvement in race relations. Acceptance from Harpers, Harcourt, Brace, Viking, Boni Livewright, Knopf, and other front-line publishers began coming thro ugh quick succession, boosting more optimism among African-American contributors of the Harlem Renaissance.Rather than depicting a new movement of style, the art during the Harlem Renaissance is united by their common aspiration of depicting and expressing in artistic form the African-American header and life. Common characteristics can be found among such works such as the birth of racial pride among black Americans.This called for tracing its roots and origin by taking attention and interest to the life of blacks primarily in Africa and South America. Also, such strong social and racial consciousness brought a strong desire for equality in the American society, both socially and politically. But one of the most common and significant characteristic of the Harlem Renaissance was the abundant production of a variety of creative expressions. Diversity was the main distinctive quality, brought about by an experimental spirit of the movement such as in music which ranged from blues, j azz, to orchestra music.B. Primary maneuverist of the Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas (1898-1979)The celebrated artist of the Harlem Renaissance was Aaron Douglas, who chose to depict the New Negro Movement through African images which bore primitive techniques paintings in geometric shapes, flat, and rugged edges. In his works, Douglas wanted the viewing audience to know and recognize the African-American identity. As such, Aaron Douglas is often referred to as the Father of African American Art.Born in Topeka, Kansas, Douglas was able to finish his B.A degree. Moving to Harlem in 1925, Aaron immediately set to work, creating illustrations for prominent magazines of the Harlem Renaissance. Douglas was influenced in his modernist style under the tutelage of German artist Winold Reiss, a style which marked most of his celebrated works and incorporating both African and Egyptian strokes of illustration and design. It was Reis who encouraged Douglas to take African design into his works which became his trademark (The Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas).Such manner of African primitive style caught the attention of the main proponents of the Harlem Renaissance, to wit W.E.B. Dubois and Alain Locke who found Douglas works as an appropriate embodiment of the African-American heritage. They were encouraging young artists to depict their African legacy through their artworks. Even though at a time when DuBois stilled considered Henry Tanner more important, Douglas has fairly established a reputation as the leading visual artist of his time.Harlem Renaissance painters are united by the desire to promote and portray the life and condition of blacks, particularly African-Americans. However, at this train the similarity ends. Harlem Renaissance artworks are as varied in style as the artists themselves. Although like Douglas, most painters of this period received formal trainings and as such, their style and strokes are no different from other non-black artists. What exactly separate the artists of the Harlem Renaissance from others are their themes and subjects.III. ConclusionA. Ending and SignificanceAs a conclusion, one of the strengths of the Harlem Renaissance was also a serious weakness. Because they were dependent on white patrons and viewers for popularity, black artists were not full free to explore the mechanisms that perpetrated racial injustice, nor could they propose solutions unacceptable to whites. Furthermore, when the Great Depression dominated American life during the 1930s, the whites, who had been the bulk of the Renaissance audience, concentrated on economics and politics, oblivious to black American suffering. American arts and letters took up new themes, and although the best artists continued to work, they ultimately lost popularity. The Great Depression drive many black artists to scatter and were mostly forced to leave New York or to take other jobs to tide them over the hard times. Creativity was drowned by necessity .Nevertheless, despite its many weaknesses and disadvantages, the Harlem Renaissance was a milestone in black American culture and the basis for later achievements.

Life in the Colonial Cities Essay Example for Free

Life in the Colonial Cities EssayThe people of early colonial America settled mainly in rural areas and farms. Eventually, by the end of the 18th century, cities became dominant settlements everyplace the rural regions. The cities of colonial America were heavy influences by British the latest fashions of dress, social ideas, and furniture among other things were imported from Great Britain. As the size of cities grew, problems in health and sanitation began to arise. Throughout all of the study cities, taverns were the common places where everyone would meet. The cities of colonial America helped spread the European Enlightenment across the Atlantic. This in turn helped give rise an American Enlightenment movement, which started primarily in the major cities. Cities helped develop the advancement of learning in science, literature, and the arts. They were excessively centers for manufacturing and commerce, where industry boomed.The major cities of America included Boston , Philadelphia, New York, Newport, and Charleston. In these large cities, many problems began to surface. These difficulties involved health, sanitation, police protection, and fire prevention. To decrease these problems meant that the city would have to work together and stop with individualistic ways.Philadelphia was the most heavily populated, and most sophisticated of the major cities. They had brick roads and sidewalks including street lamps, which turned on every night. There was a regular night watch along with volunteers for fire protection and there were also many booksellers. nigh people were unhappy with Philadelphias design while others thought the city to be a masterpiece.Boston was other populous city, thanks to its elegance and in general the manners of its people. The people of Boston had many luxuries, much(prenominal) as coach rides where slaves served the customers. Also, the Mall was a very popular place among the people. The Mall was a scenic Common with tr ees and paths, which was an imitation of St Jamess Park. Although Boston was not asdensely populated as Philadelphia, Boston offered a cleaner and more open society.New York City preserved many of its native Dutch traditions and qualities. A lot of the buildings were built of brick, which was the common Dutch style. New York also had developed into the headquarters of the British spousal relationship American Army. Many New Yorkers were influenced greatly by Britain, which meant that the people were considered to have excellent manners.Taverns were the centers of social emotional state in the cities, also called the principal social institution of colonial America. The taverns social class ranged greatly depending on its surrounding areas. Some taverns housed the low lifes and poor people while others only accepted gentleman. Most of the pubs were a place for common people to discuss any matters at hand. Some say the foundation of the revolutionary War was planned in taverns.Some people felt as if taverns were causing some problems in society. Benjamin Franklin was one of the major figures that tried to limit the number of taverns in cities. He argued that the number of taverns energy cause poverty to many of the people and the surrounding neighborhood. However, taverns could be considered good to the cities because they were the closest form of trade enterprise in colonial America to this point.Although in the early years of colonial America, many people resided in the rural areas, the cities became more populated over time. Taverns were a main reason for people abject from farms to the cities. The conditions of the city werent excellent, as the water supply was not very sanitary and garbage disposal was a major issue. However, these factors made for the beginning of a new nation and helped form how America is today.

Opportunity Network Application Essay Example for Free

Opportunity Network Application EssayThe best-selling generator and motivational speaker Roger Crawford once said, Being challenged in life is inevitable, being defeated is optional. I shoot encountered numerous obstacles in my life, but none were as difficult as occupying my second language, English. When I moved to the United States in 2009, I knew no English. Thus, my dad enrolled me into a bilingual school, hoping that I would learn English quickly with the help of Chinese-speaking teachers. Instead, all of my classmates spoke in Chinese and so I learn English much more slowly. By the time I entered high school, my relatively poorer English skills prevented me from doing training efficiently and making friends. After half a year, my teachers noticed how depressed I was. They helped boost my self-pride by complimenting my academic achievement.That was when I realized I had strengths, too. I began striving for excellence, because I realized that my lettering and hard wo rk would ultimately be recognized and rewarded. Gradually, more classmates talked to me and I began to feel like I belonged in my community. I am grateful for this challenge as it opened my heart and taught me to be determined. non only do I like making new friends, I also like challenges. scour though some challenges seem beyond my reach, I demand myself to do the best I can. I dont invariably succeed, but I see each challenge as a learning experience. I know that, as a Chinese proverb says, an intense storm is always followed by a beautiful rainbow.

The Assessment Process Essay Example for Free

The sagacity Process EssayIntroduction opinion is the process of judging a savants skills and knowledge within the prepargon place or upbringing environment, preparedness a shitst the case Occupational Standards. (NOS) These standards reflect best practice in the particular industry. Learners will be assessed as both fitted or not yet competent and their certainty will be judged as sufficient or insufficient for them to turn out reached these standards. enamour moreidentify offices of have a bun in the ovening an individual to spring telled choicesThe assessor will break away closely with the learner and work towards a National vocational Qualification (NVQ) Note NVQs in the UK are now progressively be replaced with the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF) NVQs are typic eachy arranged in levels which are structured into social units each unit carries a total of credits, they are competency based i. e. they require the demonstration of abilities to w ork out a standard of job, both in skills and an understanding of what the learner does and why.Learners can undertake an NVQ at any time, they will be necessitate to determine an sign induction session within which the learner will choose units to work on. Each unit coers a general area of work and carries a certain number of credits and out arrests. Learners are demand to complete a number of mandatory units and then optional units are chosen to achieve the required number of credits. Learners will have regular meetings in the workplace, with their assessor to discuss consequence criteria, progress and set targets.The Assessment Process The judgement process can be broken down into the following sections - 1 Recruitment, induction initial judgment Once the learner is recruited and inducted into the programme an Initial mind is carried out. This involves the identification and prayer of a wide range of information to enable the assessor to develop an effective, efficient , privateised and positive instruct programme for the learner.The assessors role is to aid the learner to gain an overview of the qualifications he or she hopes to gain and to object their route to achieving it involving selecting the right units, in the right order and identifying any extra support they qualification need. Information collected during the initial discernment includes- * Social/ethnic backg round. * Learning difficulties, disabilities and health or personal difficulties. * Previous abilities, experience, education, qualifications and achievements (RPL) * Learner strengths. * Areas for development weaknesses.* Current job role. * Learners short and long term ambitions, goals, call for and expectations. * sentence resources. * Available facilities and support. It is the assessors responsibility to determine the learners attitude and commitment and to check up on that he/she is fully involved in the process. Failure to carry out a thorough initial assessment can result in guiding the learner to un effortable options, the training taking too long and wasting time, effort and resources, leading to frustrated learners and resulting in a high rate of can outs.2 Planning Before the assessment of a learner begins, it is key to make a visualize of how the assessor will carry out the assessment. The overall aim is to plan for the types of turn up needed to inform the assessors decisions. A holistic approach is important here i. e. the assessment process necessitate to be planned around what the learner is doing, then sleepering these activities to the occupational standards, not the other way round Important for learners in the working environment. Valuable steps for the assessor during planning are to - 1.Ensure an overview of all the relevant units within the learners chosen path, taking into estimate the results of the initial assessment. 2. Have all necessary documents concerning the learners real achievements to hand 3. Gauge th e level at which the learner is certainly working. 4. List day to day activities, responsibilities and functions and link units to these key activities It is vital that the learner is involved at every step of the process, and crucial that all expatiate are agreed by him/her especially the learn goals and time scales.Assessment plans The results of the planning stage should be recorded by the assessor on a document called The Assessment Plan. Each assessment plan should record - * Who is being assessed, where and when. * What activity is being assessed, and the units for which the render will be provided * What assessment methods will be used, how they will be recorded and where the evidence will be stored aft(prenominal) the assessment. * When and how feedback will be given. * Who else needs to be sure of, or involved in the assessment.* What the arrangements are for reviewing progress and updating arrangements for assessment. * Anything the learner needs to bring on the day of assessment. 3 The fundamental responsibilities of the assessor Good assessment practice relies greatly on an h iodinst and trustworthy affinity between the assessor and the learner, vital for successful and credible results. credibility in assessment is guaranteed by ensuring that all assessment practices and procedures are governed by the following set of principles - Fairness, hydrofoil objectivity.The assessor must - * Give the learner the best opportunity to demonstrate their learning and knowledge and the assessment process must not hinder or advantage the learner in any way. * drive the needs and characteristics of the learner. * Provide transparency i. e. communicate clearly with the learner to ensure he/she is fully informed about, understands and is able to participate in the process. * Inform of appeal opportunities and procedures. * Not discriminate on sex, race or disability (the equality act 2010) Validity.Validity is a measure of the accuracy of an assessment or is the assessment actually doing what it is supposed to be doing? Each assessment should be designed to allow learners to let the evidence to state that they have the required knowledge, understanding and skills for the qualification they are aiming for. An assessment is legitimate when it - * Is appropriate for the purpose, e. g. a practical assessment should be used to assess practical skills, a written assessment that asks learners to economize about a skill rather than demonstrate it would have low grimness.* Allows learners to produce sufficient evidence of the knowledge, understanding and skills that are required to satisfy standards of the qualification. * Allows assessors to make reliable assessment decisions for all learners. reliability Reliability is a measure of the degree of consistency with which a learners responses to an assessment are judged. To be reliable, assessment decisions on learners effect must be consistent across all assessors for all candidate s undertaking the same assessment line of work. In any assessment system, procedures have to be put in place to ensure this.Assessment decisions are reliable when - * They are generated by validated assessments which are produced under conditions of assessment that are consistently applied. * They are consistent across the range of assessors applying the assessment in different situations, contexts and with different learners. * They are interpreted on the basis of clearly-defined standards of performance. * The authenticated work of the learner is being assessed. * They are consistent over time. The tattleship between validity and reliability Validity and reliability are interdependent.An assessment that produces inconsistent results cannot provide valid information about a learners achievement. On the other hand, highly consistent results do not necessarily indicate high validity, since the test may be inappropriate for the competence being assessed. For example, the results of a maths test involving routine calculations may have a high degree of validity for indicating arithmetical skills but a low degree of validity for indicating problem-solving abilities. High validity and high reliability are more likely to be achieved when assessors -* Measure learners against outcomes of learning which have clearly defined performance levels. * Use assessment instruments that are appropriate to the outcomes. * Minimise subjectivity. 4 Learning and development The learner undergoes training and development over time and - * Acquires skills and knowledge. * Practises and applies what they have learned. * Starts to perform to the standards. * Consistently performs to the standards under a variety of conditions at work. Assessment for learning takes place at regular intervals to see how the learner is progressing.Learners are given feedback on their performance, targets are adjusted and further training and development are arranged as necessary. Formative Assessment F ormative assessment is an informal process used by assessors and learners to recognise and respond to student learning in order to enhance that learning during the learning. It is a method of assessing for learning as opposed to assessment of learning (summative assessment) It takes place during the assessment, is an integral part of the learning process and involves the assessor indentifying the learners constitute standard of abilities and work.It provides feedback which supplies suggestions on how the learner can develop and helps the assessor to modify the learning process to suit the learner on an ongoing basis. Advantages - * Provides the learner with a safe place allowing him/her to make mistakes and learn from them as opposed to the penalties of summative assessment. * Guides assessor into making decisions about future instruction enabling them to keep get behind of progress and adapt training to the needs of learners. * Improves learner motivation and achievement.* Engage s the learner in self assessment. * Facilitates free burning improvement for both learner and assessor. Summative assessment Summative assessment focuses on learning completed, happens after a learning period and comes in a form of formal testing of what has been learned to produce marks or grades. Advantages- * It acts as a formal measurement and evaluation of a learners growth and achievement after instruction. * Enables learners to enhance their achievements. * Provides rigorous, reliable and valid verification of a learners performance.* Develops learners as active participants in their own assessment, enabling them to develop as self-supporting learners and effective professionals. 5 Assessment methods There are many assessment methods available to the assessor. It is important to choose methods which are fair, valid and most effectively assess the objectives of the unit. See table below which lists the key methods and their application METHOD interpretation APPLICATION Ob servation Watching learners perform in the workplace or simulated environment To see learners demonstrate their practical skills as they do their job activities.Most standards specify observation as a mandatory method Examining or evaluating work products The outcomes or products of a learners work activity or task In conjunction with observation,questioning or professional intelligence must be the result of real work Questioning apply a range of questioning techniques either spoken or written To become out whether the learner has learned necessary knowledge Discussion A conversation in which learners attain and reflect on their performance and knowledge in relation to the requirements of the standards To test the validity and reliability of a learners evidence.Can often be used to cover a range of work activities and units. An affective way to test deep rather than superficial learning Evidence from others (witness testimony) Another persons account of what the learner has do ne, usually to ratify existing knowledge from assessors own observation To support an observation and to confirm consistent performance over time. May be used in conjunction with RPL to verify a learners claim to existing knowledge and skills Learner statements The learners account of what they have been doing in relation to the standards to be achieved To support consistent performance over time.Or for evidence of reflection on, and improvements in, performance Projects, assignments and case studies Assessing the outcomes of case studies, projects and assignments that the learner has undertaken as part of their vocational learning against specified criteria In conjunction with questioning or discussion (although projects and assignments set as part of the learning process provide no evidence of competence) Simulation Using a replica of the work environment to assess competence.When it is impossible or unsafe for the learner to perform in a real-life work environment Skills tests Formal testing of skills under test conditions When it forms part of the requirements for independent assessment in certain qualifications. Usually where the learners need to acquire a range of technical skills in the first place they can perform them in the work environment, or safety tie in knowledge and skill requirements. cognition of prior learning Assessment of a learners existing level of knowledge and skill in relation to the standards To match prior learning to units in a qualification so the leaner doesnt have to repeat what they have already learned. Without detailed assessment it can be difficult to judge whether prior claims constitute valid, authentic and current evidence. 6 Evidence All the different methods of assessment have one thing in common the collection of evidence. Evidence can be defined as The conclusion produced by a learner that shows that he/she complies with the requirements of the criteria of the standards they wish to gain credits for.Evidenc e can come from a variety of sources, it is the responsibility of the assessor to ensure that the evidence collected is valid i. e. is authentic, sufficient and current before he/she can make an accurate judgement of the learners competence. Authenticity of evidence * Can the evidence be attributed to the learner? * Is the evidence the learners own work? The assessor has to verify that the evidence is the learners own work therefore the learner must be able to explain and substantiate the evidence produced. Sufficiency of evidence * Is there enough evidence to meet all criteria needed to judge the learner as competent? * Is the assessor confident that the learner has the relevant level of knowledge and skills and that performance can be repeat?Rather than focussing on quantity of evidence the assessor needs to ensure that assessment decisions are based on quality of evidence that demonstrates the learner is competent. To be sufficient evidence must show that - * The learner has att ained all of the relevant skills and knowledge outlined in the standards. * The learner has shown competence over a period of time. *The learner is confident to repeatedly demonstrate skills and knowledge. Currency of evidence * Is the evidence related to current competence? The assessor needs to judge the evidence as up to date with the in style(p) developments and environmental factors such as legislation and must assure that it is the most recent available, especially important when assessing prior learning.

Noonans point of view for the Anti-abortion Essay Example for Free

Noonans localize of quite a little for the Anti-abortion EssayNoonans is an extreme anti-abortionist. He believed that once conceived, the being was recognized as human race because he/she had humans potential. The criterion for humanity, thus, was simple and all embracing if you are conceived by human parents, you are human. He believes in four pro-choice criteria for human being. The first criterion is viability. Viability is the point in time in which a fetus lived attached to its mother determines the fate. Notion of viability is that fetus is computeed on its mother in crop to live, and if this dependence is taken through abortion, then it is actually a unspoilt of life taken from a living human being. The second view is experience. Experience as defined through Noonan is, A being who has had experience, has lived and suffered, who posses memories, is more human than one who has not Here he points out the stage of fetus when it stand be responsive to touch and can feel the environment around him/her.He compares this stage of fetus to of an adult who has aphasia has lost his or her memories- his or her experience Noonan asks rhetorically if this means the humanity of the adult has been erased. In this argument Noonan is implying that if there is an absences of experiences during fetus stage of human life, we can not deprive the fetus of his/her right to life. The third case is sentiment. Sentiment in this case means that if the fetus dies, it custom receive the very(prenominal) grief as for a living child because it hasnt been named or had personality. Noonan views this while contrasting different races among human kind.He portrays his feelings that if one human being is of different skin color or of different sex, we wont say that his/her life lost is not grief able. Why isnt then a fetus is minded(p) the same human respect he/she deserved. The last of these criterias is social visibility. They argument says that the fetus hasnt been soci ally comprehend as human it cannot communicate like humans. Noonans views for this argument is as follows. He says that humanity does not depend on social recognition, although the failure to recognize this fact has led it to destruction of lives. These are the Noonans point of view towards the abortion.

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay Example for Free

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in military man Services EssayIn this article the counselor states I plant that when working with such lymph nodes, my role as counselor is more akin to a special role of travel companion who is get outing to understand and respect the process of walking along a tabu life path. This is the only way I nooky effectively aid a leaf node seek the deeper dimensions of the self that atomic number 18 cosmos challenged. As the heros companion I must be willing to fortune in the clients pain as well as new, and oftentimes unexpected, discoveries. (Halstead, 2000) The counselor learned that he unavoidable to be a companion not a guide. He also learned that no proposition how hard a situation is or no matter how m each times someone tells you that you cannot do something, if you have the willpower and want to, you can overcome anything you encounter on lifes journey.As the counselor, we must show the client that we are there for them and not tell them what they should be doing or how they should overlay a certain situation. In the future, I feel the counselor will be more certificatory of the decisions his clients make. As a counselor, we may sometimes feel that the client should do something one way and turn up to push them towards it but in the end the client really does know what is best for them. There are so many people like Steve in The Heros Journey, who are told they will neer be able to do something and they work hard, overcome every obstacle thrown their way and manifest everyone wrong.I believe that everyone we come in take on with changes us in one way or the other. I believe everyone has a legend that can help the next person. I have a best friend who called me one day and was telling me about this girl she knew who had lost everything, kids, house, car, job, everything someone canlose, she had lost it. My best friend starts telling me that this girl had glum to drugs, prostitution, living on the s treets and had also mentioned self-destruction a few times. My best friend told me that she felt like if this girl was to hear my story thus it would help her so I told her to bring this girl to my house. They get to my house and I immediately precious to cry because when I looked at this girl, I seen what I looked like eleven years ago.She was about 511 and maybe 100 pounds, her face was sunk in and you could tell she had not had a ware in a long time. I got her something to eat and drink and then told her my story. I told her about how I was raised Pentecostal by my grandmother who taught me respectable from wrong. I neer wanted for anything growing up and had a family that loved me just like she did. When I turned 18 years old, I started doing drugs, prostitution, being beaten almost on a daily basis by a man who I thought loved me, being rapped on several occasions, almost killed three different times, dying from a drug/alcohol overdose but the doctors were able to bring m e back, being sent to prison plot of land I was pregnant for something I didnt do, having my son in prison and losing custody of him and how I turned my life around when I got out of prison.While I am telling my story to this disconsolate and lost girl, she is crying the whole time and I know it is because she is just a younger recital of me. I was told that I would never be anything but a failure at life and would never amount to anything but looking at my life now, you would never know that I had went through any of that unless I told you. Today, this girl has her kids back, a beautiful home, making about $50,000 a year, a husband who actually loves her and she says it is because my story gave her the strength she needed to turn her life around.When we got done that night, she looked at me and said, Thank you for sharing your story with me, it has given me the hope and strength that I have been looking for to turn my life around. I wanted to end my life and just be done with i t all. That night she promised me she was not qualifying to stop fight and she didnt. So yes, I believe with all my heart that most people you come in contact with change you in some way.Steve states in the article that, I really grew up because of all this. in the first place the attack I was going nowhere. Now I have a direction. (Halstead, 2000) His challenges gave him a greater aesthesia to others needs who wererecovering from strokes and brain injuries. (Halstead, 2000) I believe that having a counselor who believed in him also helped Steve to not give up. Steve had been told by doctor after doctor that he would always be limited to things he would be able to do. Having just one person tell him that he could do anything he puzzle his mind to, gave him the extra push he needed to overcome those limitations the doctors had given him. I feel that some(prenominal) Steven and the counselor benefited from this relationship.When Steves psychiatrist called the counselor, I do not feel the psychiatrist had a right to discuss Steve with the counselor without his permission. I do feel the counselor did right by not going into details about his sessions with Steve and waited until Steve returned to school to speak with him about it. However, when the counselor seen that Steve was depressed and thinking about suicide when he received his fall semester grades, the counselor had a responsibility to Steve to seek help from someone else. In the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals it states that if it is suspected that danger or harm may occur to the client or to others as a result of a clients behavior, the human service professional acts in an earmark and professional manner to protect the safety of those individuals.This may involve seeking consultation, supervision, and/or breaking the confidentiality of the relationship. (National fundamental law for Human Services, n.d) If I ever have a client that is thinking about suicide, I will talk to my su pervisor and ask for his help in coming up with a plan to help my client, maybe ask my supervisor to sit in on a session with me and talk to the client as well.Because of the personal nature of their work, human service workers at all levels are held to a cypher of ethics that protects the rights and dignity of clients and establishes standards of practice. (Sessoms, n.d) The National Organization of Human Service ethical standards places a responsibility on human service workers that have for their clients, the community, colleagues, employers, the profession and the human service worker themselves. The National Association of kind Workers approaches ethics through a core set of values, which include service, dignity and worth of the person, social justice, fair play and competence. (Sessoms, n.d)ReferenceHalstead, R. W. (2000). FROM TRAGEDY TO TRIUMPH COUNSELOR AS COMPANION ON THE HEROS JOURNEY. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/detail?vid=2sid=5b06217 2-ddf2-4c9d-a107-d6387c05f54b%40sessionmgr198hid=115bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=aphAN=2768884 National Organization for Human Services. (n.d.). Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals. Retrieved July 5, 2014, from http//www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals Sessoms, G. (n.d.). Code of Ethics for Human Service Workers. Retrieved July 5, 2014, from http//http//work.chron.com/code-ethics-human-service-workers-8132.html

The Ethnic Essay Example for Free

The Ethnic Essay heathenishal RELATIONS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA THE CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS Abstract This paper looks at the changing pagan traffic in Peninsular Malayanansia in terms of the interactions between the takes policies to fare Malay ethnic dominance and reduce ethnic frugal inequality and the aspirations and actions of the Chinese community.The state of ethnic relations imagely will depend on whether the majority of the ethnic members, in particular the ethnic elites, be pursuing separatist or amalgamative strategies and goals, and on whether the rival ethnic groups stand in positions of mark inequality or near equality to each other. In this sense, since the 1969 ethnic riots, ethnic relations fuddle eluded out right conflicts in part because the rival ethnic communi plug ins study pursued mainly amalgamative strategies and goals, and in part because the economic inequality gap has narrowed between the Malays and non-Malays.However, the expa nding place of Islam in the Malay personal, and hence collective, identity and the relative success in making social crystalizees more multiethnic make added additional complexities to the future of ethnic relations. Introduction Ethnicity remains the most potent force in Malaysia tear down if of late its influence has been somewhat adulterated by other social stratification forces, principally class and gender.The potency of ethnicity lies in its ability to combine both affective and instrumental appeals. As members of distinct and self-conscious cultural communities, Malays, Chinese and Indians naturally were inclined to identify with and treasure their respective wrangles, coatings and worships, and thus actively strived to observe and propagate them. 1 Since they share a common pool of generalized symbols and values, the ethnic members would primarily interact and associate with their own.Ethnicity thus continues to constitute an integral constituent of the individual Ma laysia psyche and ethnic membership critically demarcates his/her social life and taste. It follows that the effectiveness of affective appeals originates from the evident passionate attachments to a particular ethnicity that continue to transport individual identification and pattern of social life. Passionate attachments are readily excited for the purposes of galvanizing ethnic individuals to preserve, protect and advertise their culture, language, and religion.Historically, in Malaysia, the affective appeals also became intimately intertwined with the instrumental pursuit of political and economic goals that aimed to manipulate the system and distribution of rewards in preference of the particular ethnic members. Consequently, because ethnicity combines an interest with an affective tie, ethnic groups were more effective and successful than social classes in mobilizing their members in pursuit of collective ends in Malaysia.In post-independent Malaysia, ethnic relations became entang conduct and influenced by the rival ethnic communities struggle over the cultural constituents of solid groundal identity, the share of political power, and the distribution of economic wealth. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part examines the development in the cultural relations and the second part on the economic relations. The Cultural proportion In the Western European experience, the solve of nation building was preceded by or coincided with the cultural process of collective identity formation that was grounded in ethnicity.If and when ethnicity formed the basis of bailiwickity, the construction of a national culture/identity almost always would be based on the predominate ethnic groups culture with the concurrent marginalization, and usually annihilation, of the minority ethnic groups cultures (Smith 1986). In most of the Western European nations, soaking up of the minority ethnic groups into the dominant ethnic group culture became the normativ e historical experience. The tacit conflation of nation and ethnicity largely arose from the emergence of European nations with relatively homogeneous national cultures.Indeed, the tacit conflation entrenched and perpetuated the notion of a nationalism that imagines the nation in terms of a people sharing a common history, culture, language and territory. In the colonial world, the conflated conception of nationalism powerfully captured the imaginations of most of the national liberation movements. Inspired by 2 the image of a homogenous cultural nation led to efforts by the dominant ethnic groups in the postcolonial world to fashion national cultures out of their own.A result of this was the proliferation of assimilationist policies in many of the postcolonial nationstates. But, give the multiethnic character of nearly all the postcolonial nation-states, the imposition of assimilationist policies regularly resulted in accentuating the relations between the dominant and minority et hnic groups. Although Malaysia is an exception to the rule in terms of not pursuing an outright assimilationist policy, the Malays, nevertheless, persisted on the construction of a national culture founded on their culture.The unequal relation between the Malay and non-Malay cultures was formally recognized and written into the 1957 Constitution2. This was a radical departure from the colonial period where no one ethnic groups culture was given permit status and there was no conception of a common national culture. The colonial state moreover exertd an essentially nonintervention policy in the cultural development of the colony and each ethnic group had equal access to and could freely practice their culture in the colonial public length.The postcolonial state played, in contrast, an increasingly interventionist role in the cultural development of the society and actively promoted the public presence of Malay culture. In post-independent Malaysia, the site of cultural contentions was touch over the status and place of the different ethnic groups cultures in the public space. To construct a national culture founded on Malay culture necessary would mean the construction of a public space where Malay culture is omnipresence with the nonMalay cultures relegated to the periphery.However, to advance the Malay cultural symbols and Islam in the public space, the state would have to roll back the historically expansive presence of non-Malay cultural symbols in the public space in general and in the urban space in particular. Constitutionally, since the assimilationist notion was abandoned in Malaysia, the predicament was how to advance Malay cultural dominance without alienating the non-Malay communities and violating their rights to practice and to propagate their cultures as guaranteed in the constitution.In short, the ambivalency around the inclusion and exclusion of the non-Malays cultures constitutes the key predicament in the construction of the modern Malay sian nation. 3 In the 1960s, the cultural terrain was a fiercely contested arena. This was because, during this period, the majority of Malays and non-Malays held diametrically opposing stances on the cultural, religion and language issues.On the one side, the popular Malay opinion strongly backed the dominant and privileged position of Malay culture in the new nation and expected the state to uphold and promote Malay culture and the official status of Malay language. Consequently, the perceived slow progress made by the state in advancing Malay culture and language led to increasing numbers of Malays, specially the Malay cultural nationalists,3 to become disenchanted with the United Malays guinea pig Organization (UMNO) leaders.On the other side, the majority of Chinese vigorously and persitently advocated the equality of status for every culture in the society4 mandarin as one of the official languages, equal treatment of Chinese culture and religion, and equal recognition of a nd rights to fosterage in their mother tongue. The Chinese demand for complete equality was powerfully captured in the notion of a Malaysian Malaysia. The heated cultural contentions considerably envenomed the ethnic relations in the 1960s.In the immediate moment of the 1969 ethnic riots, the Malay-dominated state proceeded, aggressively, to reconstitute the public cultural landscape. The National Culture Policy was implemented in 1971 to amplify the symbolic presence of Malay culture and Islam in the public space. Also in 1971, the National Education Policy was executed to incrementally make Malay language as the medium of instruction at all educational levels. Indeed, after 1969, the preeminence of Malay culture in the society became a non-negotiable proposition, and sceptical it could result in prosecution under the Sedition Act.Conversely, the pro-Malay cultural policies put the non-Malay communities on the defensive and prodded them to rampart their cultural presence in an d access to the public space. In particular, when the state imposed increasing regulations and restrictions on the their rights to stage public cultural performances or to acquire land to build Chinese schools and places of worship and burial, it bring on the Chinese to mobilize to defend and struggle for their cultural space and rights.The impact of the state cultural policies on the ethnic relations over the years depends on several factors. One factor is connected to what was the customary conception of Malay culture and the elements of the non-Malay ethnic cultures that 4 could go into the national culture. Another factor has to do with the specific cultural policies formulated and the manner the Malay-dominated state had pursued them. They varying responses of the Malay and Chinese groupings to the state cultural policies constitute another important factor.In the 1970s, pressures from the Malay cultural nationalists pushed the state to strive aggressively to enlarge the pres ence and function of Malay cultural symbols in the official and public spaces. Since the 1980s, however, pressures from the resurgence of Islam among the Malays led the state to introduce more measures to enhance the Islamicization of the society. Simply put, the state allocated funds and established institutions to research on and propagate Malay arts and cultures, altering them where necessary to fit current ideological and religious sensibilities .

How employee engagement has been forgotten by many andor remembered by few Essay Example for Free

How employee appointee has been forgotten by legion(predicate) andor mobilizeed by fewer EssayHow employee booking has been forgotten by many and/or remembered by fewIntroduction It is believed that any caller-up which unlocks the secrets of engaging their employees is likely to get very high profits. However, this has never been the case. there atomic number 18 invariably challenges and confusions which leads to misdirection consequently the failure of the employee skirmish. The main cause of this is the lack of congruity when talk ab place the definition and in like manner measurement of the employee engagement. Furthermore, there is similarly lack of clear distinction betwixt employee engagement and other closely related models. This papers aim is to conduct an in erudition analysis on the importance of engaging employees in any turn of stock-stilltsivities of a business activity. It will withal give recommendations where the importance found from the m anagers who practice this will be given. Lack of clear definition is unmatchable of the glaring issues that concern the concept of employee engagement. Different categories of one-on-ones ranging academic researchers, corporations, practitioners and many more get hold of extensive variations on how they give meanings. The harnessing of an organizations members selves with aim of making them work their role in engagement, people al commissions express themselves physically, madly and cognitively during their role surgical operation (Kahn, 1990). An organization which is continuously widely associated with employee engagement because of their best-selling book, First, Break all the Rules, The Gallup Organization, have a different definition. They define sedulous employee as one who works with passion and note a profound connection to the company he or she is working for and have a drive innovation to move the organization forward. Employee engagement may also be defined as a process through which an organization aims to increase commitment of its employees as well as continuation to aid in the achievement of superior results. This definition is according to the internationalistic Survey Research. This definition however looks at employees commitment in three different ways. They may embarrass affective, cognitive, and lastly deportmental which incorporates actions, feelings and thoughts. The last definition that is taken into consideration by this paper is the process of translating the employees potentials into the employee accomplishance as well as business success. This as a result changes the ways in which employees perform their duty through utilizing the tools found within the armory of internal communication professional (Shaw, 2005). Before indulge further into the issue of employee engagement, its prudent a proper understanding of how employee engagement measurement is through with(p). in that location are reliable metrics that are used to measure the employee engagement despite the rational and emotional components available. There exists several look instruments that have been used in measuring the employee engagement. This paper however uses the Q12 subject area system which was developed by the Gallup Corporation. The Q12 survey involves asking 12 questions which had strong linkages to high performance and mensural how well the companies were meeting core requirements for the employees. According to this survey, a high score on the 12 items always reflected the underlying emotional engagement among the employees who took the survey. This engagement leads to improvement in business results, as well as increased levels of productivity, employee retention and profitability (Walker, 2012) When dealing with employee engagement, there are a spot of related concepts which moldiness be put into consideration. The four related areas with the employee engagement include organizational citizenship behaviour, art satis detailion, work engagement and organizational commitment. These four go glide by in hand to ensure that proper understanding of the employee engagement as well as its importance. Organizational citizenship behaviour for a long clock time has always been referred to as the extra role behaviour. The organizational citizenship behaviour groundwork be defined as the behaviour of an individual which is not explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and in the end promotes the good and effective functioning of the organization concerned. Practically, the organizational citizenship behaviour improves efficiency and the effectiveness of an organization by supply support to transformations, adaptations and innovations within the organization. Studying the organizational citizenship behaviour from a macro perspective, its found out that it helps to supply direct support to the organization and the individuals found in the organization. This indirectly supports the organizati on (Anderson Williams, 1991). The organizational citizenship behaviour can be divided into many subcategories that gives a common dimension. The sub components includes self-development, organizational loyalty, sportsmanship, helping behaviour, polite virtue, individual initiative and organizational compliance. When a critical review is make on the definitions of the components mentioned above, its recognise that their definitions is more or less the same as that of employee engagement. The helping behaviour talked about shows or implies an act of voluntary helping others and gum olibanum preventing the occurrence of any work related problem. Organizational loyalty on the other hand aims at remaining connected to an individuals work even during insensitive offices. However, the component which tends to show strong relationship with the employee engagement is the individual initiative. It can be defined as the persistence one puts on a job with extra enthusiasm or it can be said to be volunteering to perform extra responsibilities as well as encouraging others within the same organization to follow suit (Podsakoff et al, 2000). Job satisfaction, is also another concept related to the employee engagement. A number of scholars have tried to come up with a wholesome definition of job satisfaction. According to truncated and Weiss, 2002, they described it as pleasurable or the positive and emotional state that results from recognizing ones job or the experience from the job. There existed a number of disagreements whether the initially presumed definition was the exact one. It was found that there were so many shortcomings with the Brief and Weiss definition. This made Weiss to modify the definition. Job satisfaction came to be described as the positive or negative evaluation that a person makes about his or her job situation (Weiss, 2002). From time to time, the definition has always updated so as to include a cognitive component in the measurement of jo b satisfaction. Work engagement is the third component related to the employee engagement. Work engagement of employees mensural or looked at into different categories. It involves vigor, absorption and dedication. Starting with vigour, it can be described as creation fully charged with energy as well as resilience in job even during the days when nothing serious happens. Dedication involves one universe proud of their work and getting convert that any(prenominal) activity an individual undertakes is significant. Lastly, absorption as a concept means being carried onward work to the extent that one forgets everything in the surrounding (Hallberg, 2005). Lastly, the fourth concept related to the employee engagement is the organizational commitment. This concept entails the process that is gone through when obtaining the goals of an organizations multiple constituencies. The goals ranges from a openhanded organizational goals and their values to a more specific formulation. Org anizational commitment may also be defined as the willingness to persist in a course of action as well as the waver to change plans while keeping the main goal to stay on course. Both the definitions highlight the fact that people are committed to multiple entities. These multiple entities involve emotional and rational components (Vance, 2005). The emotional concept is defined as the positive feeling towards an entity while thee rational component means the state of being conscious as well as thoughtful in planning and executing actions that fulfill commitments. Having dealt with that, its crucial that factors which keep employee meshed are looked into in details. There are three main bouncy ingredients that make employee engaged. First is the leadership of any business officeicular business organization. The leaders any an organization moldiness set standards that in terms of dedication and then rubs it off to the rest of the employees. The leaders must be able to make difficu lt decisions correctly and fairly. Furthermore, they should be competent and show consistency in whatever they do. In areas where this is not displayed by the leaders, the employee always feels looked and upon and as result they are always not engaged in whatever activity they undertake. The employees always talk and so poor leadership may be used as the stepping stone to quit any fact job. Good leadership makes an organization to have a very strong employee engagement hence better results (Taylor, 2014). Secondly, communication and transparency is also a factor or an ingredient that may make your employee engaged or not. This factor however has been underestimated by many and taken for granted. Senior people in an organization always have a fantasy that employees concern themselves with earning their wages to a larger extent and care very little for other things (Taylor, 2014). The lawfulness of the matter however is that large majority of employees put a lot of emphasis on whet her they are regularly being kept in the loop. It always doesnt matter to them whether it concerns their own development or big decisions of the organization. What actually matters is that it concerns everyone. Openness and good communication makes the employees to feel highly appreciated and hence part of the organization. They dont feel detached. This makes the organization a better place to be in. Lastly, enjoyment is also a key ingredient for engaging employees. The most important aspect of employee engagement is considering the fact that they are human beings. The organization does not run at a loss when they introduce elements of fun in the work place. The fun and enjoyment may range from a number of activities like a congratulate down party on Fridays, monthly trips, or any other thing that appeals to your employees. The aim of such enjoyment is to make employees feel like they fate to work. This will thus make them stay as long as they want. This is however not the case w ith many jobs. Not many employees always want to make their employees have fun. This makes people have negative attitude towards such jobs leading to very few people doing such jobs. On many occasions, work does not necessarily have to be done with a serious mood at all times. The only way an employer can make the employees feel engaged it to make them feel as if work is something that should be enjoyed rather than being a chore (Taylor, 2014). Its therefore clear that employee engagement can be grouped into two main broad categories or rather glide path. There is the philosophical approach and the pragmatic approach. The philosophical approach deals with the management philosophical system that are considered when making overall decisions of a human resource. The pragmatic approach on the other hand deals with the dedication programmes for employee engagement. Here, measurement of engagement is done. None of the approaches either is stated to provide a clear achiever when tryin g to achieve an engaged work force (Shaw, 2005). Having placed more emphasis on the engaged employees, its now prudent to talk about the disengaged employees. Its documented that stress is one of the factors that can dislodge a highly engaged worker from conducting his or her duties without other workers or the organization getting aware of the in depth of the problem. Historically, many organizations have not done an in depth survey on how to deal with stress or other emotional problems. The former acting manager of the Freddie Mae, David Kellerman, committed suicide due to stress April 22, 2009. His death was attributed to the organizations failure to respond to the signs he was showing. The government seized his company later running at a loss of $108 billion. The work environment was also stressing. As if that was not enough, he always received so much criticism from the media. All these prompted him to commit suicide. This is the worst that happens when employees are not engag ed.Recommendations for managers From the readings and research done, the following are some of the recommendations that ought to be considered by managers to ensure a proper way of promoting customer engagement. The managers should take specific actions or steps to achieve success. While doing this, they must always remember that each and every company is unique and therefore the action they take should be specific to that particular company. The customers should always be provided with as much information as possible to help make them engaged. The managers should always know the approach that their organization ought to take and why that approach is important. The employees should also be given the approach used by the organization. When this is done, it makes them know why its done. This makes them feel part and parcel of the organization and hence promotes the level of employee engagement. Mutual agreement should also be made with the employees. This makes them know what is expec ted of them. Rechanneling of extensive time and resources should be done by the employers. This always forms the basis of creating a new employee engagement initiative. A company may be working on the already made initiatives. These initiatives may be giving out good results. Coming up with a whole new initiative might lead to misdirection in a healthy focus which has been in existence for a long time and thus would lower the progress of a company. Engaging in such activities should be avoided at all cost. cultivation The concept of employee engagement is one that is very wide. The engagement of employees affects different levels of an organization ranging from micro and macro levels. So as to reduce the existing ambiguity when it comes to matters of the employee engagement, a lot more need to be done in this area. Any organization willing to get better results from applying the issue of employee engagement should do so with a lot of caution. Anything done be based on the strengths and weaknesses found, any related concept as well as all the unveiled fields in the issue of employee engagemenReferences(2006). Gallup Study Engaged employees propel company innovation. Gallup Management Journal, retrieved from http//gmj.gallup.com/content/defaut.aspx?ci=24880pg=1.Hagerty, J. Fields, G. (2009). A Fallen Mortgage Titan, Tragedy amid the Turmoil. Wall highway Journal 6- 5-2009Hallberg, U. (2005). A thesis on fire Studies of work engagement, type a behaviour and burnout. part of Psychology, Stockhlom University, ISBN 91-7155-171-9Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Paine, J., Bachrach, D. (2000). Organizational citizenship behavours A critical review of the theoretical and Empirical literature suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 51, 1-56.Shaw, K. (2005). commerce engagement, how to build a high performance workforce. Journal on Human Resource, 0-9547741-3-2.Taylor, R. (2014). Maximising employee engagement. Journal of Leadership. 23-05, 47474Wa lker, S. (2012). Employee engagement and communication research measurement, strategy and action. London Kogan Page.Williams, L. Anderson, S. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in role behaviours. Journal of Management, 17, 3, 601-617Source document