What Are Genetic Diversity - 995 Words

United States are a home to people from all over the world with different skin tones, languages, cultures, and features. The only way one can tell the difference between individuals are by their appearances. Since America is a diverse country, interracial marriage is a common thing. With interracial marriage being a common thing, babies with two more different genes is not surprising. Genetic diversity can improve the lifespan of a population and individuals and protect the body from foreign substances. What is genetic diversity? Genetic diversity is the different level of genes in an individual. Genetic diversity, in a population, is the population contains most of one or more alternative forms of a gene that mutate at the same place on†¦show more content†¦Within an individual, there is a duplicate genetic information from the mother and the father; it is the same type of information, but the forms may vary. However, when genetic diversity among individual within a group, it is different; every individual has their own genetic information. Every individual has their own genetic information because of the gene pool. Gene pool is the sum of the variances of an interbreeding population. Among a population, genetic diversity are different gene pools in a group of population. Different genetic information in a population is an advantage because it is the key to environment adaptation and local adaptation (NPS). In the United States, immigration plays an important role in genetic diversity. Data from 2014 from the Kaiser Family Foundation shows that there are 62.2 percent Non-Hispanic White, 12.4 percent Black or African American, 5.2 percent Asian, 2 percent two or more races. 0.7 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2 percent Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 17.4 percent Hispanics (may be of any race). Different ethnicity has different genetic information; therefore, everyone from different ethnicities look different. With different genetic information, every individual cope with the environment in America differently. Therefore, different mutations in genetics can help individuals in different environments (Tilman). Genetic information in America and other countries are different due to the

Personal Experience Being a Transgender is not Matching...

The way I dress tends to leave people a bit†¦confused. For example, when I was younger, when I would go to the grocery store, the salespeople would always refer to me as a boy, saying things like, â€Å"can you tell that boy to put his items on the counter?† Since I have been able to dress myself, I have been wearing boys clothes because I identify as a cross-dresser. I feel more comfortable and more like myself†¦but this is not generally accepted in society, especially in Bulgaria. According to the national climate survey on transphobia in Canadian schools, between 2007 and 2009, â€Å"74% of trans students reported having been verbally harassed about their gender expression†. And what’s more, â€Å"37% of trans students reported being physically†¦show more content†¦If we use the wrong gender, it’s a reminder that they are different. They usually try to brush it off or become defensive even when their mistake is pointed out. Recently, a transsexual woman named Laura was misgendered by a presenter at a famous gaming convention called Eurogamer. As she explained, Everyone else was either gentleman or young woman. Im just something that he was afraid to try to address. And this is not even the worst part. The nightmare began after Laura tried to voice her anger on Twitter. A huge number of people started to tweet her back. Some of the tweets were supportive but the majority of people were sending rude and abusive messages, tweeting that she was a disgusting freak who would be better off dead. It seems being misgendered at Eurogamer was nothing comapered to her punishment for speaking up about it. Second, those who do not fit societys notion of normal are persecuted. There is a definitive issue with gender-identity privileges. Non-trans people can reasonably assume that their ability to acquire a job or rent an apartment will not be denied on the basis of their gender identity. 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Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical DilemmaRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesStored-Program Concept 25 Types of Computer Systems 28 Microcomputers 29 Midrange Systems 30 Mainframe Computers Supercomputers 33 34 Key Types of Software 34 Applications Software 36 An Example of an Application Product Personal Productivity Software Support Software 37 38 41 The Operating System Language Translators 41 43 v vi Contents Third Generation Languages 43 Fourth Generation Languages Markup Languages 46 48 Object-Oriented

Disney-Marvel Merger free essay sample

Marvel’s brand commands a 29% premium of its stock for Disney to acquire them giving Disney more brand popularity worldwide. The strategic reasons for mergers: * * Synergy – revenue growth and cost savings * Increase in Economic Growth. * Acquiring new Technology. * Acquiring licenses, patents and procedures * Globalization * Capacity Reduction * Familiarity between organizations * Increase Marketing and management capabilities. * Increases market share, customer segments and customer base. * Reducing the competition * Deregulations * To gain power and cash flows * Scaling Economies The factors that are influential in implementing a merger: * Integration Plan: Combining corporate cultures, business processes, rewards system and hierarchy. * Strategic Fit: Organizations feel their strategic management is in line, creating a mutually beneficial synergy between both companies. * Rules amp; Regulations: Resistance from some employees may cause a problem and the organization should be prepared to manage the resistance. * Training amp; Development: The organization will incur training and development costs to align workers to the company’s quality level. We will write a custom essay sample on Disney-Marvel Merger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Stakeholders: Stakeholders have to be on board with the merger for the implementation of the merger making sense for its stakeholders. * Risk: The organization assumes more risk when merging two companies together. The Walt Disney Company has been making many mergers to diversify their market and revenue streams. Overall, they have been successful by acquiring Pixar, abc, ESPN and now Marvel. The mergers have given Disney an increase in growth, value, and competitive advantage by strategically acquiring organizations that expand their market. Disney should create a strategy for implementing the merger as it gets complicated with Marvel licensing to other production companies. This merger will widen the market for Disney creating value for the organization in the ever changing market. Disney’s experience and success in implementing mergers and benefiting from synergies gives the organization greater value for its stakeholders. Disney’s development and marketing is the strategic reason that they are interested in Marvel since they can make the lesser known characters become mainstream characters reducing risk. Disney may have also acquired Marvel because Time Warner owns DC Comics and this may be a sign of a copy cat behavior. Marvel has substantial growth potential since they mainly license out their character to other entertainment companies and once those licenses expire Disney will have full control. As part of the merger strategy, Disney should get as much information about Marvel as they can, such as, finances, debts, legal and ethical issues, cultural environment before the merger. Moreover, Disney should review the risks and implement a post merger strategy to reap the benefits of the merger.

Stalins Great Purges Essays - Old Bolsheviks, Marxist Theorists

Stalin's Great Purges Stalin's Purges Soviet Terror Stalin's great purges had a distressing significance during the 1930's. The purges, in effect, started on December 1, 1934 with the murder of Sergei Kirov, a Leningrad party leader. This act, in fact, helped shut ?Russia's window to the West.' These great purges brought on ugly results and severely menaced the Soviet Unions power and future. The purges were designed to expunge any threats of political resistance. ?An important aspect of all Soviet Purges has been elimination of those minor figures whose fate was sealed by the defeat of their prosecutors.' ?Long before the assasination of Kirov in December 1934 Stalin managed by various political maneuvers and violent means to free himself from the control of the party masses.' Stalin was born on December 21, 1879, in the village of Gori, Georgia. He was born to Vissarion and Yekaterina Dzhugashvili. His father Vissarion, was an unsuccessful cobbler who drank heavily and beat him. When Stalin was seven, he caught smallpox, which marked him for life, and then he caught septicemia, which left his left arm slightly crippled. Stalin was one of four chilren to survive infancy. He lived a ?normal life' in the 1920's, surrounded by many relatives who freely expressed their thoughts and had good personal friends among the leaders in Russia. However, in 1932, his life took a change for the worse, arguably, after the suicide of his second wife, Nadezhda Allililuyeva who left a letter incriminating him personally and politically. Stalin's rise to power was a combination of his ability to manipulate situations and the failure of others to prevent him from taking power, especially Leon Trotsky. Trotsky did not take advantage of several opportunities in which would have helped him to eliminate Stalin politically. When he failed to take advantage of these opportunities, Stalin schemed himself into a stronger position within the party by allying with Zinoviev and Kamnev. He manipulated them into shattering Trotsky, thus eliminating the strongest opponent in his path to power. Stalin deftly avoided potential political ruin when Lenin formulated his Testament in December 1922. This Testament illustrated what his thoughts of the future of the Party leaders and the party itself; Especially Trotsky and Stalin. Lenin foreshadowed a division in which Stalin and Trotsky would be the main details. When describing Stalin, Lenin felt that he had an unlimited authority in his hands and whether he will always be capable of usi ng that authority with sufficient caution. The makeup of Lenin's Testament became more damaging to Trotsky than to Stalin. Stalin manipulated the content of the Testament to enhance his position. By mentioning Stalin as one of the prominent members of the Party, Lenin raised Stalin's greatness to that of Trotsky. The equivalent stature of apparatus The purges were set off on December 1, 1934 with the murder of Sergei Kirov. He was a member of the Politburo, leader of the Leningrad party and had substantial influence in the ruling elite. His concern for the workers in Leningrad earned him popularity. Stalin used his murder as a pretext for launching a broad purge that would claim hundreds of thousands of victims. No part of society was left out of danger by the purges. Anyone who caused the remotest suspicion was expunged and numerous legislatures were enacted to help enforce them. For example, a law that was passed in 1935 lowered the age for responsible criminal behavior. That meant the death penalty could be utilized on children as young as twelve. By 1933 Stalin and supporters were not satisfied with Russia's progress and the purge trials. ?They indicted a whole group of industrailists who were alleged to have hindered technological advance.' The terror is commonly thought to be the mode by which Stalin cinched his own personal power. Stalin did improve Russia's industrial system, however, obviously had a negative effect on Russian society. Stalin used the Five Year Plans to make great strides in industrializing Russia. When he tried to equal that success with agricultural growth he met some resistance and ended up liquidating a class and causing famine. Socially, he gave some important social benefits to workers and gave women equal rights. But, he also tried to purge the country and

Youth Who Turn to Illicit Drugs Essay Example For Students

Youth Who Turn to Illicit Drugs Essay As I think back to a time growing up in a small town, I close my eyes and imagine two small girls running through a field of tall grass chasing one another. Sweet giggles and the words echo through the air, â€Å"you cant catch me,† as the hot sun beams down on our little faces and the wind blows through our thin long hair. The youngest of us, my baby sister, was a very sweet and innocent little girl at the age of four. She was full of love and kindness with her whole life ahead of her. She came from a very loving family who spoiled her with everything she wanted and needed as she was the last baby of the family. We used to pretend what we were going to be when we grew up. We were going to marry movie stars and she was going to be a veterinarian. We never thought that she would grow up and fall victim to an addiction that would consume her entire life. She, like many addicts, spiraled down this path of destruction at a very young age. When we hear the words addiction or drug abuser we tend to get a mental image of who they are. We will write a custom essay on Youth Who Turn to Illicit Drugs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We imagine they are adults who are in their late 20’s and 30’s who frequently party and lead a very irresponsible life. While this is sometimes an accurate depiction of an addict we need to realize that a lot of drug abuse starts as early as high-school. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse â€Å"Most people use drugs for the first time when they are teenagers. There were just over 2. 8 million new users of illicit drugs in 2012, or about 7,898 new users per day. Half (52 percent) were under 18. With statistics showing that in 2012 over 3,949 teens try drugs for the first time† (The Science). Therefore, it is obvious that we are failing our youth when it comes to education and prevention. Identifying the problems that are causing our youth to turn to illicit drugs use is the first step in prevention. A lot of young kids have an increase in individual freedom and choice due to a lack of parental supervision. Some seem to have a lack of parental control, allowing the teen to do what they want, out of guilt. Most of the time both parents are forced to work outside of the home which leaves teenagers with more freedom. Sometimes both parents working causes a poor relationship with their kids and this ultimately leads them falling into peer pressure to try drugs. Teenagers seem to have more money and too much freedom of what they are spending it on. The cure to this epidemic drug abuse among teens must start at home with talking to your children about drugs and monitoring their activities closer. Parental interaction and monitoring is a step in the right direction, as is parents becoming more educated and aware of the types of drugs teens are using. They think of marijuana, worry about cocaine, meth and some of the other drugs the older generation is familiar with. However, some of the drugs teens are using are synthetic and not yet illegal for them to buy. This is often packed as potpourri or herbal incense and sold in convenience stores, which mimic the effects of marijuana. The companies that market this dangerous synthetic cannabis compounds seem to target the younger generation as they package the product in packaging that contain cartoon characters and call it Scooby Snacks, making reference to the classic cartoon Scooby-Doo. .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .postImageUrl , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:hover , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:visited , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:active { border:0!important; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:active , .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365 .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u22d1025c1795f7b4358aa190f0ec9365:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: chinese myths EssayThe side effects or the high that the user is looking for is similar to marijuana except the dizziness, relaxation and mood altering feelings last around fifteen minutes. This causes the person to use this drug repeatedly and several times a day. This increases the chance of addiction and death tremendously. Another dangerous synthetic drug teens are using is called bath salts. According to an article published by Fire Engineering, the author wrote that recreational drugs are marketed as products â€Å"not for human consumption† to avoid state and federal regulation as drugs or food substances. They are instead sold as plant fertilizers; insect repellants; pond cleaners; vacuum fresheners; and, of course, most popularly as bath salts, from which the slang for this category of drug is derived (Duckworth). The short term side effects include rapid heart rate, hypertension, insomnia, headaches, palpitations, unusual sexual stimulation and erratic behavior. The long term and sometimes fatal effects are increase in heart attacks and strokes, severe depression, severe psychosis and loss of coordination. Other popular drugs teens are known to use is saliva, inhalants, and MDMA ecstasy or molly. These particular synthetic drugs mimic the opiate and analgesic property drugs. These drugs are commonly used as date rape drugs. The addiction of these synthetic drugs are very different perhaps due to the psychological instability and irritability. Overdose and overuse of these drugs often renders the user permanently in a state of paranoia and severe psychosis, sometimes death. Another addiction that kids are falling prey to is a prescription drug used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and a sleeping disorder called narcolepsy. The most common ones are called Adderall and Ritalin. This is mostly abused by college students for the side effect of being able to stay up all night and cram for tests. The pharmacodynamics of this particular class of drugs is that they unleash the feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine, this then triggers the brain’s reward system, and can produce a mild sense of euphoria. These drugs have the chemical makeup of the popular diet drug of amphetamine which can explain the inflated sense of productivity. College students report that when they take this drug that it helps them catch up in school, by improving focus, concentration and memory. Because of the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine this is most likely a just a feeling of superiority and a drug that causes insomnia as a side effect. The likelihood of the drug itself improving focus and concentration along with increased memory isnt a known side effect for this drug, the students would probably retain and remember just as much information without it. This is a dangerous drug for healthy people to take due to the fact that it increases heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels that can lead to a stroke or heart failure. Anyone who takes these types of drugs need to be under the care of a physician. Prolong use of this drug like most other prescription drugs leads to tolerance and you have to take more to achieve the desired effect. A Medical Dr. would monitor changes in the patient’s heart these are prescribed to as prolonged use of this drug causes the heart muscle to enlarge leading to heart failure and kidney problems. Drug abuse causes multiple problems for schools. The presence of school resource officers would deter some of the distribution between the teens. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Their grades fall drastically while their attendance declines. Addicts cannot function as normal students in school. Their inability to focus and attitude along with their irritability and they become angry often. When they continue on in life being an addict they will likely neglect or abuse their families and eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. The growing numbers of Adolescents, teen and young college student based treatment centers should be telling us we have an epidemic problem of abuse with our younger generations. .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .postImageUrl , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:hover , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:visited , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:active { border:0!important; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:active , .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331 .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf954b2c3eae0cafbbc4e74df9d43c331:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Synopsis Of A Clockwork Orange EssayThe future of our Nation is dependent on our youth and with the growing number of reported addiction it is alarming. With the increase of teen addiction treatment centers and massive amount of school based preventive programs that target teens, we can no longer hide in the shadows hoping for a better outcome. We have always been told that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. With that said it would be easier to prevent our youth from ever using or experimenting in drugs than it would be to rehabilitate them.

How to Compose a Worthy Research Paper on Social Media

How to Compose a Worthy Research Paper on Social Media One can hardly find a person who has never used social media. Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, WeChat, and other social platforms let people communicate, find good friends, learn new things, get a job, purchase things, study, learn languages, and do a number of other things. Still, it’s not so easy to find interesting research paper topics on social media. Research paper on social media is a typical academic task for students. That’s quite difficult to investigate the topic being addicted to social media. Contemporary students cannot imagine their lives without virtual chatting, likes, and comments. That’s why tutors often ask them to write an objective academic paper on the positive and negative influence of social media. How to Start There are 5 things a student should do before starting writing a research paper: Find a catchy issue for the discussion and compose a striking title. For example, you can discuss the following topic â€Å"How to Limit Your Child’s Time on the Internet when You Personally Cannot Spend a Day without Facebook and YouTube†. Look for a piece of evidence, facts, and statics on reliable sources. One shouldn’t take information reading someone’s blog because a person supplies it with subjective data. Such sources lack objectivity and should not be applied to a college paper on social media. Study the requirements of the college and do everything exactly as they ask. Find a proper sample of the paper devoted to social media and study it. Remember that your paper should include some innovation or at least a unique point of view. If you have chosen the topic, done thorough research, learned the requirements, and thought of some original solution to the problem, it’s high time to start writing the paper. Mind Your Structure One should create an outline because it helps to ponder over the problem and create a proper logical structure. Each research paper has its introduction, body, and conclusion. Some papers require bibliography and appendices. The introductory part should also have a thesis statement. It usually consists of one or two sentences and reflects the key issue of the problem. For example, â€Å"People spend up to 9 hours per day messaging and viewing posts on social platforms. There must be places which prohibit the use of social media in order to prevent Internet dependency.† All parts of the paper should support the main idea given in the thesis statement. So, the introduction should give the statistics or some facts proving that many people depend on the Internet and that there should be some way out of the situation. The body paragraphs should give possible ways to solve the problem. For instance, a student may suggest providing cafes, parks, and other places which can create a cozy and pleasant atmosphere so that nobody would dare to think of chatting and entertaining on Facebook or any other social platform. The conclusion should sum everything up. For example, a student can say that social networks are useful but there is the need to distract attention from the Internet activity.

Strategic human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic human resource management - Essay Example Stakeholders’ interests should be primarily concerned with recruitment of the employees in the event that it is now run either as a commercial or public company in order for it to realise profits. Special consideration should be given to the organisation’s recruitment efforts as well as decision making that would be designed to satisfy the needs of both the organisation as well as the stakeholders. Employees are the foundation of every organisation hence effective recruitment as well as improving their performance are the major factors that determine success of business during the contemporary period. In most cases, employee recruitment mainly depends on the available human resources tools and their ability to cope with the environment they will be operating in. Thus, recruitment of skilled and qualified employees is a vital strategy for an organisation to function successfully in the competitive environment. Retention of those skilled employees is equally important because such specialist and skilled workers may be in short supply and a company may find it difficult to replace the experienced workers and training of individual employees with more skills in particular jobs. As far as these measures are put in place, the stakeholders would be content knowing that their investments would not be at risk since they would be managed by professional and skilled people. No investor w ould be happy to risk his money where there are incompetent workers in the organisation. Organisations are run on the basis of various decisions that emanate from the situation obtaining in the markets they would be operating in. In practice, decision making is primarily concerned with approving the course of action to be taken in pursuit of certain goals to be achieved and is mainly practised at the top management level within large organisations (Kleynhans et al 2007). Decision making is mainly influenced by the leadership style

Neurology Clerkship Instructional eBook - Masters Thesis Project -

Neurology Clerkship Instructional eBook - Masters Project - Literature Review - iPad Simulations - Thesis Example lation, procedure illustration and provision of instantaneous access to different libraries, which provide vital information for clinical illustration. For example, if one can search for the words –clinical, surgery and medicine- on iTunes App Store, it brings more than 500 related apps. This happens in other searches for instance Google Play. This shows that there are many apps that can be used for clinical instruction because they are abundant and provide lots of information for use. However, one problem associated with them is that because of hundreds of results, the search process could be time consuming and a confusing process where a user may find it difficult to get the specific resource that he or she is looking for (Marshall & Flanagan, 2010). Most physicians who are currently in clinical practice were never trained using iPads using apps and widgets. However, they are finding it to be a revolutionary aspect because these resources facilitate pre-operative, intraoperative and postoperative care (Franko & Tirrell 2013). Using apps such as drawMD in explaining surgical operation processes to patients has helped physicians to ease the process because they no longer need to carry the cumbersome pieces of stock drawings of anatomy when explaining those procedures to patients. In this regard therefore, it is clear that apps and widgets can be used to provide clinical instruction to students. The use of apps and widgets in clinical practice has shown that it is possible to use them in clinical instruction. Today many hospitals encourage their physicians to use apps and widgets to aid their clinical practice because they save time, help physicians to handle complex tasks easily and also to include their patients in the care process. For instance, apps such as MIM approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has enabled viewing of many imaging modes such as X ray, computed tomography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance among others when users cannot

Expected Frequency even in dessert Research Paper

Expected Frequency even in dessert - Research Paper Example It has also been observed that families with children have higher rates of consumption as compared to those without children. Various flavors of ice cream are found in the market today and these include chocolate, vanilla, cookie dough/ cookies and cream, mint chocolate chip, butter pecan/ Swiss almond, strawberry, peanut butter, coffee, cherry vanilla and peach, among many others. According to a Harris Interactive poll conducted in 2013, chocolate and vanilla are the favorite flavors followed by cookie dough/cookies and cream. In terms of gender, a disparity exists in favorite flavor: for women, almost a third prefers chocolate flavor followed by mint chocolate chip and cookie dough/cookies and cream. However, for men, vanilla tops the list of favorite flavors followed by chocolate and cookie dough/cookies and cream. The dynamics of ice cream and frozen desserts consumption does not end with demographics and flavor, how the consumers actually eat their ice cream also varies from one group to another. Methods of consumption include eating it form a cup, cone, sundae, sandwich and others, including eating it as a topping on a cake. Disparities exist here too. It has been hypothesized that a relationship exists between gender and how they eat ice cream. For instance, according the aforementioned Harris Interactive poll, more men than women prefer eating ice cream in cups while more women than men prefer cone. This influence of gender on how a person eats their ice cream has not been well researched and this is the motivation for this research. The paper aims to investigate whether gender and ways of eating ice cream and other frozen foods are related, or whether the choice is independent of gender. For this study, data will be collected from students on how they eat their ice cream. Accordingly, data was collected from a sample of 40 students. To ensure that the data is not biased, efforts were be made so that the

Gender Stereotypes in Young Children

Gender Stereotypes in Young Children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Sugar and Spice and everything nice, thats what little girls are made of. Society today has made a clear cut line about what is appropriate for a little boy and what is appropriate for a little girl. Society has made that distinction through gender stereotyping. If you walk into a preschool class room today, little girls will be playing dress-up with fairy and princess costumes while the boys will be tackling each other or playing with dump trucks. Even though many people believe that gender is not learned, but instinctual instead, there may be outside influences on gender roles that children fall victim to, for example parents influence gender roles by the language they use and media and toys reinforce gender stereotypes in children by character portrayal and advertisements. There are many different parenting styles that are seen today. Psychologist Diana Baumrind discovered four basic styles of parenting; authoritarian, permissive-indifferent, permissive-indulgent, and authoritative (Morris, 310). Regardless of the parenting style that one family opts for, there seems to be a common thread; the majority of parents will dress little boys in blue and little girls in pink. The thought process behind this is so that their gender can be identified properly by an outside source. No parent wants to be walking through a store with their little boy and have a stranger ask, How old is she? Interestingly enough however, according to the article Whats Wrong with Cinderella? author Peggy Orenstein points out when colors were first introduced to the nursery in the early part of the twentieth century, pink was considered the more masculine hue, a pastel version of red. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, was thought to be dainty. Somewhere along the line, the reverse was thought true; pink was more feminine and blue was more masculine, and is so enforced by todays standards. Another example of how strongly parents influence gender was learned when an experiment was performed at Harvard University. Male babies were dressed in pink outfits and were then given to adults to handle under the impression that they were girls. The language used with the boy babies dressed in pink fell into the female stereotype, while the girl babies dressed in blue fell into the male stereotype, being called handsome and tough (Pruett). Language is a big influence on gender interpretation. Often we tell boys not to cry and explain things with different tones for boys versus girls. If a little girl hits a friend, parents/caregivers might use a gentler phrase like, gentle hands on your friends please. If a little boy hits a friend, parents/caregivers might just shrug the action off as Boys will be boys as the common saying goes or raise their voices to get the point across more strongly, We DO NOT hit our friends! Even the compliments that adults bestow upon children can be gender stereotyping. When you tell a little a girl how pretty she looks in her dress is an illustration of that. Parents lead by example. Their children learn behavior from what they see their parents doing, even if unintentional. If a child sees their mother as the one who always does the laundry and cooks the meals and the father as the one who always takes the trash out, then chances are that the child will follow the same roles when as they grow up. Media also plays a large part in where children learn about what their gender role is. Disney movies are a prime example of this. In these movies, the leading female character, usually a princess, is sweet, romantic, daydreams about Prince Charming, and almost always wears a dress in a pastel color. On the other hand, the same Disney movie can represent the male population watching with a prince, who is usually strong, willing to fight, and always gets the girl at the end. These characters often lead to a misconception of what is feminine and what is masculine. On the spectrum of gender identity, Disney may represent the extremes of what the appropriate gender role is. Advertisements are often seen using gender as a marketing strategy for toys or games. If you look at a commercial for Tonka Trucks, there wont be a little girl to be seen in these ads. However, if you see a commercial for Easy-Bake oven, the opposite will be true. There will be no boys in those commercials. Seeing these on television demonstrates to children what should be an appropriate toy for a little boy and what should be appropriate for a little girl. Even the behaviors of children portrayed in television advertisements are stereotypic. Boys are often seen as active and domineering while the girls are portrayed as shy or overly silly. These advertisements usually lead to the purchase of the toys shown for the sex it was targeted to. Parents often wonder if you give a baby doll to a little boy or a dump truck to a little girl, will they be gender confused. Even the most new-age parents might find it bizarre to see their little boys walking around preschool with a purse and in dress shoes. Boys have a harder time crossing the gender line, whereas some parents of females might think that its alright for their daughters to play with dump trucks or Legos. This does not mean that the son will be more feminine and the daughter will be a tom-boy, but a majority of parents do not want to risk that. Not everyone believes, however, that gender is strictly a learned behavior. In 2009, Texas AM University used eye tracking software to measure infants interest in either male or female toys (Shaffer). According to an article published in 2010, the author M. Fox, found the results to be extremely informative: Hormone levels in the saliva, as well as finger dimensions that indicate prenatal testosterone exposure were measured to see if these things could explain why the infants visually preferred certain toys over others. The results revealed that while the girls preferences werent affected by hormone levels at all, the boys preferences were affected by both current and prenatal hormone levels. It appears that the higher the presence of testosterone at the time of the test, the greater the preference for groups of figures over individual figures, and those who indicated a higher exposure to prenatal testosterone had a stronger preference for the ball over the doll. This means that the boys showed an optical penchant for gender specific toys. In an article in New Scientist, Linda Geddes states that research has been done to show that the introduction of changing levels of testosterone and estrogen while babies are in utero may also have some sway in which toys boys and girls pick. There are other theorists that believe that there is a cognitive connection to gender development. Carol Lynn Martin and Diane Ruble are two such theorists. They discuss Kohlbergs theory of gender development is and what the impact is of knowing your gender does not change. This is an important fact for children to learn, generally setting the concepts of what is correct behavior for your gender type. Martin and Ruble think that there are important cognitive themes for gender development, rather than the influence of a specific outside source. The first important theme discussed is The Emergence of Gender Identity and Its Consequences. In this stage, it is allegedly general knowledge that children understand that there are two different types of genders, and they have the realization that they fall into one of those two categorizing sexes. This first theme is then broken down into two sub-categories, Evaluative Consequences and Motivational and Informational Consequences. The former meaning that the child understands and identifies one group as their own and sees this group as a positive. The latter sub-category means that one the child picks a gender to identify with and while the want to understand the opposite sex dwindles, the individual seems only interested it their own gender identity. The second theme that is thought to be a cognitive gender identity link is Active, Self-Initiated View of Gender Development and the final theme is Developmental Patterns. In these two themes, the thought is that the main focus is learning about the social gender group that they most identify with, and forming and developing the characteristics that are most familiar with the identified gender. While exploring the cognitive connection to gender, many place a strong association to motivational significances and developmental configurations of the gender identity theory. Even though many theorists believe that gender is not a learned behavior, but you are born knowing the difference between appropriate male behaviors and toys and appropriate female behaviors and toys, others disagree. Those people state that there are many possible outside influences on children when they are learning their gender roles in society. Some also believe that being aware of specific gender stereotypes has a connection to how one behaves. The media and toys that children do see and use play an intricate part in the concept of gender roles and parents influence gender identity by using specific language and actions. Whether or not gender is identity is solely obtained by influence or is pre-determined by some cognitive connection, it is an intriguing issue. Should boys and girls be able to make the choice of the toy that they want to play with or what their favorite color is going to be regardless of what society claims is normal? With the role that parents or caregivers pl ay in gender role identification, they should learn different methods for breaking stereotypes. Adults could make sure that they use the same language for both sexes or become involved in activities such as cuddling with boys or wrestling with girls. Connecting children of both sexes in such a manner is a good way to encourage the cycles of gender stereotyping to end.

William Blake :: essays research papers

WILLIAM BLAKE 1757-1827 William Blake was a British poet, painter, visionary mystic, and engraver, who illustrated and printed his own books. Born in 1757 he stayed in London nearly his whole life. He began a life of crafts at the age of ten he was sent to one of the best drawing schools in England, Henry Pars'. At the age of 14, he took up the art of engraving as an apprentice. His artwork was mostly based upon spiritual happenings due to visions he had of religious figures such as the Virgin Mary. In 1783 he married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener. The Ghost of Samuel (1800) During his lifetime, Blake’s work received little attention. When his work was read over, most people who read his it decided that Blake was confused or mad. However he is now regarded as a great artist in the fullest sense. Blake's first book of poems, Poetical Sketches, appeared in 1783 and was followed by Songs of Innocence in 1789, and Songs of ExperienceE 1794. His most famous poem "The Tyger", was part of his Songs of Experience. In these works the world is seen from a child's point of view. Blake was always in a state of economic poverty, due to his inability to compete in the highly competitive field of engraving and his expensive invention that enabled him to design illustrations and print words at the same time. However, he was independent throughout his life and Blake left no debts at his death on August 12, 1827. He was buried in an unmarked grave at the public cemetery of Bunhill Fields in England. The Tyger Tyger! Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright In the forests of the night What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, and what art,

Natural Progression: Dissent to Disagreement

Boorstin discusses the distinction between dissent and disagreement, and deems one to be a dangerous cancer, and the other to be the life blood of social commentary. Despite Boorstin’s claim that dissent is the ugly mutation of disagreement, dissent is actually the more powerful, radical predecessor to disagreement. Dissent is the opposition based off of an unpopular opinion, whereas disagreement is an opposition to more socially explored issue. Disagreement is the safe way to bring about change, a passive and fast moving path as you have support behind you. In the beginning of the women’s suffrage movement, the challenge they proposed to society wasn’t a simple disagreement, but a radical dissention. Until it became a popularized notion, women’s suffragettes were considered to be out for their own personal amusement, and not for the betterment of a society. Once enough support had been gathered behind the movement, the ideas that had once been considered dangerous were no longer all that socially unacceptable. This is not to say, however, that disagreement is not a worthwhile pursuit, it is in that the seed of dissention must be continued to be carried out, but it is the safer method. The argument against dissention is, a minority opinion should not be supported so as not to disturb the social waters. However, it is necessary for dissent to occur for disagreement to develop and for society to change. Without radical opposition to the current social norms, society will never move beyond its current state. Progress is necessary in human society. In other words, rather than being a cancer of argument, dissention is the necessary struggle before the art of disagreement. It is a necessary part of the social plotting process.

General Motors Powertrain Group plant, Fredericksburg

General Motors Powertrain Group plant, Fredericksburg Free Online Research Papers General Motors Powertrain Group plant, Fredericksburg Joe Hinrichs has been named the new manager of the General Motors Powertrain Group plant, Fredericksburg. This plant is responsible for the manufacture of Torque Converter Clutches, an essential part in the marriage of automatic transmissions to automobile and truck engines. Hinrichs is a former engineer and recent graduate of the Harvard School of Business. Hinrichs has been charged with implementing a new process improvement program, driven by a new carbon fiber friction pad technology. Hinrichs’s success at the Fredericksburg plant is based on his ability to gain buy-in from union leadership, supervisors and employees though his gradual introduction approach. Hinrichs does not attempt to â€Å"rock the boat† more than is necessary and seems to understand the unique relationship that exists in this union-shop. One of the essential machines in the plant has broken, leaving Hinrichs with no other solution but to fix the broken machine. Three alternatives surface within minutes of Hinrichs’s discovery of a problem. One is to repair the machine, the second to replace the machine, and the third option to replace the die and either repair or replace the machine. It is my recommendation that Hinrichs replace the machine with new parts, ensuring the longevity of the asset and creating a symbolic gesture of good will with the laborers. Development on the new die and process improvement should continue, though at the slower buy-in speed that’s been socially accepted by union leaders, supervisors and employees of the plant. Background Joe Hinrichs (29), the youngest plant manager at General Motors, has been assigned to the Fredericksburg, VA plant. A recent graduate of the Harvard School of Business (MBA), Hinrichs a former engineer, is eager to begin his work at Fredericksburg. This installation is responsible for producing all of the Torque Converter Clutches (TCC) used to manufacture automatic transmissions for GM. In 1996 Hinrichs took-over the management of the Fredericksburg plant with a budget that he believed under funded based upon the necessity of expense at Fredericksburg. Based on an analysis of the prior year’s figures (1995), Hinrichs believed that he could possible be over budget in the current fiscal year (1996). The Fredericksburg plant build in 1970 by Westinghouse, then sold to GM’s Delco in 1978, is one of the smallest plants in the Company (average plant size is 2,400; Fredericksburg has 307). Though it’s small it has a crucial role in supplying TCCs to four Michigan plants and one French plant. Hinrichs has been charged with revamping the way in which the plant produces TCCs. The traditional model of assembly line work, where one worker added a piece to the final product, is being phased out in favor of worker cells. These cells are designed to make the production assembler responsible for the entire process, not just one piece of the final product. Test groups have shown that productivity increases, while quality also improves. These increases in productivity and decrease in rejects directly relates to the reduced need for laborers. Fredericksburg became part of the Powertrain Group in 1993, an initiative to bring out the synergies amongst the plants which produce the critical engine and transmission components for General Motors. The plant is capable of producing 22,000 TCCs of 26 different models each day, over three shifts. The implementation of the worker cells has been shown to be effective with laborers and union leaders accepting the new work without must resistance. Assessment of Change Implemented It is my opinion that Hinrichs has done an excellent job of engaging the work force in his plans to revamp the way in which the Fredericksburg plant produces its product. I applaud his technique of using the strike to reduce overtime from the employee’s pay, while offering them something that no other plant manager would have done: a job when they should be laid-off. This single act is the reason why Hinrich has been so successful in building trust and establishing a respectful relationship with the laborers. Hinrichs’s approach to engage union leadership, supervisors and workers in the change process in one that works well in this type of manufacturing setting. By slowly introducing new projects and processes, he allows all plant employees to voice their concerns and objections. This allows them to fell as though they are a part of the team and not just an outsider who’s being forced to comply with a new corporate mandate. I believe that the size of the Fredericksburg plant also has enabled Hinrichs to be successful in the implementation of his goals. From the information presented in the case, it appears that he has the support of the majority of the union leaders and senior workers. With this support, many of the younger laborers will respect their union leader and senior laborers opinion; thus, accept Hinrichs’s improvement suggestions. Hinrichs’s deployment technique presented in the case, in which he doesn’t favor any one area over the other, also helps to prevent departmental jealousy. Much of the change by which Fredericksburg assembles TCCs was brought about by engineers and corporate officials looking to improve the performance of TCCs and the plant, itself. Hinrichs has basically been set as the facilitator of the change, though is capable of adapting the change as he sees fit. The major driving force behind the movement from traditional assembly to work cells was the development of a new carbon fiber material used to improve the performance of the TCC. The work cells are a more effective and efficient way to produce more of a higher-quality product though less inspection. In addition to his normal operational budget, Hinrichs has been given a $30 million budget to invest in new equipment and tooling. According to Hinrichs, â€Å"the $30 million offered an opportunity not only to make the necessary changes for the carbon fiber, but also to make process improvements†¦we are able to incorporate job changes and quality improvements into the changeover process.† One of the major points of potential failure that I believe Hinrichs has done an excellent job of managing is the union resistance to change and lay-offs. Rather than force employees and management to go through lay-off procedures, Hinrichs finds ways for existing employees to keep their jobs, while positively affecting plant performance. One instance of this is moving inspectors to producers. After the movement, the old inspectors commented on how great it was to actually control their own output and obviously increase productivity. Main Problem Affecting the future success and continued process improvement at the Fredericksburg plant, the main press responsible for stamping and boring of the TCC shell ceased to function. Hinrichs knew that this press could potentially be a problem and as a result ordered the plant to keep an extra day’s worth of TCCs housing on hand, should the machine quit working. Hinrichs now is faced with several costly decisions that must be made about the repair and/or replacement of the new machine. Possible Solutions to Problem Option One: This is the most cost-effective option ($75,000) and enables the plant to become fully operational again within twenty-four hours. This option would allow the plant to maintain its full production schedule by using the internal supply of TCCs while the press is repaired. There are negative connotations associated with this option, however. In order to repair the press within the twenty-four hour window, it would be necessary to hire an outside vendor. Union officials would see this as an attempt to take away internal union jobs and could potentially lodge a protest. Option Two: This option would repair the existing press with new parts, essentially making it a brand-new press. This option is more costly than option one both in terms of material cost and temporary production costs. The cost to replace the parts is estimated to be $210,000. Additionally, because there is only enough stock of TCC shells to last one day, three days of TCC shell production would have to be out-sourced at a premium of $2 per TCC. Based on the information presented in the case, demand is 22,200 units per day. The calculation below attempts to estimate the increase in cost that Hinrichs must account for. Adding this to the parts estimates makes the total cost of option two approximately $343,200. Additionally, Hinrichs believes that he will be able to reduce a full-time job devoted to the maintenance of the old press. Using the estimates from the case, the average employee makes $74,000 per year in pay and benefits. 22,200 x 3 = 66,600 x $2 = $133,200 (Cost to Outsource For Three Days) Option Three: Regardless of wither or not the press is repaired or replaced with new parts, a third option presents itself. A group of engineers and production staff have been working on a die that would cut down the amount of extra work required for the shell of the TCC. The goal of the group was to produce a die that could not only stamp and bore the TCC but also make the necessary holes for the rivets at the same time. This drill out rivets? [chrome] ?would change the current process from: stamp/bore [chrome]. It’s been suggested that this process?to: stamp/bore/rivet improvement would illuminate 3 jobs on each of the three shifts that had previously been dedicated to drilling the holes for the rivets. There is a great deal of uncertainty as to how well this process improvement would work and how long it would take to fine-tune the die. In addition to the costs associated with option one or two, an additional capital investment of $250,000 would be required to have the die manufactur ed. Additionally, $577,200 would be incurred in outsourcing costs for the thirteen day period that the plant would be without shells while the die was being made. Recommended Solution to Problem Due to the possibility of a backlash with the union leadership and members, I do not believe that opinion one should even be considered. After all of the work that Hinrichs has made to strengthen management/union relations, I fell that it would all be lost if he were to hire an outside firm to repair the old press. Option number two represents the most effective solution, to me. This option would not hinder relations with the union as badly as option number one. In fact, Hinrichs could make this press a symbolic gesture to the employees showing his commitment to the plant and its people. The cost associated with this item would not completely be $334,200. In this case, we would be able to take a portion of the $74,000 off the top, because an employee would no longer be required to work maintenance, he or she would be able to move to a value-added area of the plant and generate revenue. As presented in the case, it’s not possible to fire people when there is no work for them, though through the movement of one employee to a revenue generating department, I estimate a 60% savings in wage (74000 * .6 = $44,400) which can be taken off the total cost to implement. This makes this project cost $289,800. This option would be the easiest on Hinrichs long-term budget and also on union relations a s only one employee would be asked to relocate to another position within the plant. I do not believe that option number three would be a viable solution for Hinrichs at the present time. It is in my opinion that this is a better long-range solution to the press-problem, though it has yet to be proven an effective technology. There has been time spent by both the engineering and production staff with the old press to resolve the problems related to this new die, though it is still an experimental technology and should be treaded as such. A large capital investment ($250,000) would only be recommended if the process were ready for production. Based on the information presented in the case, this technology has yet to be proven. Furthermore, Hinrichs would encounter major union and labor resistance if he were to suggest that nine laborers (three from each shift) were going to have to be displaced into another area of the plant without giving them proper time to buy-into the idea. It is important to note here that there is a potential for salary savings when the nine emp loyees are moved from the rivet drilling unit to a work cell. Because they’re already adding value to the final product, I’ll estimate their benefit at a lower rate (30%). Using the example from option number two, the total cost for option number three could be discounted by $199,800. With this savings, it still cannot be justified to make the capital investment in the new die. Hinrichs must approach this press problem in a much more expedient manner than he approaches the rest of the process improvement. However, it is important not to overlook the relationships that he’s been working so diligently to build with the union leaders and laborers. Hinrichs must consult a few of the most influential plant leaders about what they would suggest doing about the broken press. In order for the solution to be accepted by union leaders, supervisors and employees, buy-in must occur. Hinrichs should approve the second option, only after he has gained significant buy-in. Work to improve the press operation should also be undertaken. The die solution appears to be viable. First, the bugs must be worked out of the current die and secondly, the issue of what to do with the nine displaced workers must be resolved. The die project should continue and be evaluated again within six months time. While engineers and production are working on the problem, buy-in to the project should be a priority for union leadership and the rivet operators. Convincing the rivet operators over a period of time that their skills could be better used in a work cell would be an effective way to gain union buy-in. Additionally, it appears that Hinrichs is most effective when he’s able to give implementation of a decision longer than twenty-four hours. Finally, the new die should be tested during the Christmas holiday down-time and installed. Research Papers on General Motors Powertrain Group plant, FredericksburgRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneLifes What IfsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Essay Sample on Gender Inequality What Do Top Hollywood Females Think

Essay Sample on Gender Inequality What Do Top Hollywood Females Think As you sit and stare at a blank screen, trying to come up with an introductory paragraph, it can be difficult to recognize the true power of the essay. Essays are tools that we can use to shed light on situations that are intimate to us, situations that our own personal experience can hopefully bring enlightenment and meaning to someone else. There is an incredible amount of power that can be wrapped up in the thousand plus words of an essay. This method of reaching others has become increasingly popular with celebrities, especially female celebrities who have chosen to use the power of their voice to bring attention to the many facets of feminism and gender equality that woman come face to face with every day. When discussing feminism and gender equality, it is important to realize that this is not just one issue, but actually many issues bundled up together. These powerful female voices take on the task of bringing to light some of these issues through the use of essays and personal narratives. Here are some of the most recent, powerful essays on gender equality writing by top Hollywood females. Mila Kunis: You’ll Never Work in this Town Again In this essay, Mila Kunis shares her experience of having her livelihood, her reputation and her dreams destroyed at the hands of a producer who was willing to compromise her career simply because she did not wish to expose her body for a movie promotion. What is powerful about this essay is that it does not focus on just this incident, but rather uses it as a springboard for a discussion about the inequalities and dangers that all women face in the workplace, regardless of the type of job they have, or how much money they make. At the end of the essay Mila states how she recognizes that she is fortunate to be able to stop compromising, without fear of not being able to put food on the table. She also recognizes that she is fortunate to have a platform from which to speak and be heard in order to encourage and empower other women. Emma Watson: Encouraging Women to Vote Some of the most important essays are the ones that take personal views and perspective and use them to encourage others to make changes for the better. In Emma Watson’s essay/letter, she uses the fact that she is a recognizable figure to encourage women to understand the value of their personal power and to use that power to vote for governmental leaders who place the most value on treating all citizens as equal. Furthermore, she appeals to those who may not necessarily feel that these issues are important by making note of the ripple effect, in which what affects one of us, eventually affects us all. Jennifer Aniston: For the Record In this essay, Jennifer Aniston articulates beautifully her journey as a woman who has spent many years in the spotlight, under public scrutiny. The essay starts out by introducing the most recent issue at hand, and then takes that and builds into an expertly crafted essay on how she has become a lens through which we view all women. The essay speaks on important feminist issue including the perception of what makes a woman feel fulfilled and how every aspect of a woman appearance is judged. This essay is powerful because she speaks with various tones of authority, personal experience, frustration and disgust, all while being relatable to the audience. Jennifer Lawrence: Why Do I Make Less than My Male Costars? Pay inequality has is a long-standing gender issue, and in this essay, Jennifer Lawrence questions why that still is and in the process, has us asking ourselves the same questions. In essence, she asks women why they are worried about not being liked when asking for what they want or need. She makes causes the female readers to ask themselves if they too act nice for the sake of not offending male coworkers. Rather than addressing the pay discrepancy issue with facts and statistics, this essay approaches the issue on a personal and emotional level. Rose McGowan: Addressing the Language Used Towards Powerful Women Sometimes, an essay skips the niceties and set-up and sets forth to drive the point straight home. In this essay, Rose McGowan specifically address an 80s television star that shared a meme in which a derogatory term is associated with then presidential candidate Hilary Clinton. While the letter is target toward this instance, she turns it to point out a concept that she coins as â€Å"male terror†. This essay is not eloquent, but rather raw in its approach to this feminist issue. Celebrities have lives that we either envy or despise. However, when they speak, the masses listen. The most powerful celebrity essays allow the reader to see the ways our lives are the same, rather than how they are different. This is one way of connecting to the audience through an essay. In this case, these women all recognized that they endure the same unbalanced judgements and treatments that women all over the world experience, except that they have a voice loud enough to be heard.

Advocacy organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advocacy organization - Essay Example The new judges have given the award new look, improved the credibility, and exhilarated it from blames and perceived as bias. Innovation in reading price is one of their best programs where prize where outstanding individuals or organizations whose literature inspires readers and new audiences receive awards. The Pulitzer Prize website awards outstanding newspaper and online journalism, musical composition and literature in the United States. Established in 1917, Prizes gives annual awards to twenty-one categories where the overall winner in public service journalism receives a gold medal. This site advocates for the award journalists based on excellence therefore promoting originality and quality work amongst journalists. The PEN American site has given the every member of the society freedom of literature where people can convey information, ideas, and other forms of literature without fear. By extension, it has broadened freedom of speech and expression in an accessible platform for everybody. By targeting mainly the international writers, PEN America has expanded its boundary of ideas to defend writers restricted by culture, traditions or political situations of their countries. These websites serve a great role in recognition and appreciation of the literature, its value and importance to an individual and the society as a whole. PEN supports and gives confidence to the downtrodden writers with suppressed freedom of expression by political obligations while Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Foundation awards outstanding journalists and writers for their sterling

A Critical Analysis of Own Video Work. Hush (2013) Essay

A Critical Analysis of Own Video Work. Hush (2013) - Essay Example The movie focuses on the illustration of the psychological disintegration of the lead character, Alice, who bereaves the death of her son, Jason. She appears obsessed with her son and while doing the chores in the course of her daily life, her attention goes back to her son. Her son’s memories haunt her through his possessions such as his guitar and mask, the room he had used, his pictures and even the â€Å"Spiderman Song† from his favourite cartoon. She also seems to be haunted by her own childhood, which reflects on the fragmented manner in which the thoughts about her son come to her. She lives alone and the movie makes no reference to her husband or any other relatives. Thus, it transpires that her son was the only person she loved and cared for and this explains her obsession for him. This obsession with her dead child destabilizes her present life and finally erodes her sanity and she ends up in a mental hospital. The movie eloquently portrays the disintegration of the young mother by relying purely on the actions of the protagonist within 4 consecutive days inside her house and using distorted images of her daily routines. In doing this, the movie seems to have drawn inspiration from many acclaimed directors of the horror and psychological thriller movies, especially from David Lynch and Sharon Maguire. The movie has several elements that conform to the concepts of horror and psychological thriller movies, including its theme, the sequences of action, setting, sound and music. Rather than revealing characterization through dialogue or plot development, the movie focuses on simple and routine actions of the protagonist to reveal her psychological condition, trauma and obsession with her son. It, however, follows a systematic approach albeit through the depiction of the changes in the character’s routine to illustrate how her behavioural pattern keeps changing within a matter of a few days, due to her disintegrating mental state. Thus , the movie, through illustrating the changes in the behavioural pattern of the protagonist portrays her mental state and shows how the obsessions can devastate the lives of human beings. The creative minds of people can sometimes follow a similar line of thinking and, as a result, one artist may perceive the same method for illustrating a particular in the same way that another has done. David Lynch is a highly popular and critically acclaimed director who has created many a masterpieces that have been celebrated as epoch making events in movie history. He is also known for his style of depicting the psychological traumas in individuals by showing distorted images from their daily lives to allude to their deteriorating mental states. The movie Hush also displays several traits that are typical attributes of Lynch’s style of representing the psychological problems in his characters. This can be evidenced from how the character in this movie displays the disintegration of her mind through the variations in her actions. The audience initially sees Alice in the movie when she does her make up in a leisurely manner, paying sharp attention to the details. She works on her eyelashes and cheeks in an unhurried manner and the cosmetics and other items are kept neat and tidy. Thus, the movie creates in the audience the understanding that things are normal for Alice and she is in a relaxed mood. In the next scene she is again shown tidying up the house, slowly dusting the surfaces and then she wipes the framed photograph of Jason, pauses to take a look at him, touches the picture and then moves off. But the memory lingers in her mind, as suggested by the tune of the lullaby with its ending note. Alice prepares tea and sits down and stirs it when the camera zooms to the door of Jason’

Extra Hours of Work and Payment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Extra Hours of Work and Payment - Essay Example The payment for extra hours at the organization depends on various factors. The first factor is the type of employment. In this case, non-exempt salary employees receive overtime payment based on the labor laws in the country. The employees are entitled to payment for hours beyond the legal 40 hours per week. On the other hand, the exempt salary employees receive extra hour payment based on their agreement with the human resource department. â€Å"The management should set specific regulations regarding the remuneration of this category of employees in order to avoid conflicts with the law† (Bragg, 2011). Another factor that determines the salary is the type of job given by the company. Trainees at the organization are entitled to payment for the legal working hours. Moreover, they receive allowances depending on the type of assignments provided by the company. Braswell illustrates, â€Å"The salaried employees at the company receive extra hour payments based on the guideline s of their employment contract. However, individuals whose annual salary is above $24, 000 do not receive overtime payment at the organization† (Braswell, 2014).    The extra hours worked by the employees at the bank depends on the amount of work. In this case, individuals can work between 10 to 12 extra hours in a week depending on the amount of assignments they receive from the management. Most individuals find it difficult to determine the exact duration over which they can work per week because of the dynamics of the job.  

The Artist Essay Example for Free

The Artist Essay Describe what Spoon Feeding is in cinema. What example did we watch in class? The actor in that film spoke four words to the camera what are those words? How did the speaking of those lines spoon feed what was obviously depicted prior to that dialogue? Spoon feeding in cinema is a device used by directors to plainly state to the audience exactly what happened. Sometimes it may be obvious, such as the example we watched in class. Schwarzeneggers character, Dutch says aloud after the Predator passes him over, He couldnt see me. The audience has certainly already realized that the predator couldnt see him. This sort of device has the ability to be used artistically but in this case it really Just seems a little belittling to the audience. 2- Describe the use of body language in Peter and the Wolf, how was this achieved in the film? Peter and the Wolf, being a silent film, depended largely on character body language to illustrate concepts. Each character was specifically defined in their motions. Peter was curious and sneaky. You could sense caution in the way that he moved and looked at things- the eyes were very telling. The duck, carefree and goofy, flipped, flopped, and plopped all over the place. The wolf was dangerous yet noble, his posture was very distinct. The music in the film helped to magnify that body language. 3- Describe the scenes and what form of communication is depicted when pretense is revealed in 2001 a space odyssey and One flew over the Cuckoos nest 2001 : Pretense is revealed when the two men speak in secret while in the pod. HAL, despite being cut off from audibility of the other two, is still able to see the men speaking. All sound in the film cuts off and the camera zooms in to the mens lips oving, panning back and forth between the two mens conversation. Not knowing that he can see them, they continue to conspire against HAL as he reads their lips. OFOTCN: The most obvious pretense in One Flew would be Chiefs unveiling to Mac that he does indeed speak and can understand everything around him. The men sit on a bench awaiting treatment and Mac offers Chief a stick of gum. He takes it and thanks him. In Macs moment of bewilderment Chief goes on to say Ah, Juicy fruit. To which Mac is simply overjoyed. The difference between the two being that one Describe director Stanly Kubricks use of the absence of sound used in 2001 a space odyssey Kubricks use of silence is all too relevant in 2001. With so many long drawn out shots of the ship, he does well to remind the audience that the scene is set in space. Space, by nature, is a vacuum and for that is void of all sound. This really helps to put the audience up there with the astronauts. In many scenes which he doesnt use are those involving the processes of HAL. It kind of suggests that he is cold and collected. He is not a human with a heartbeat. His processes are silent. Looking back on the cene where HAL witnesses the other two astronauts speaking secretly the audience hears nothing. This silence is his processing. Its his cold logic and elaborates planning of what to do in order to preserve himself. 5- Describe director John doormans use of sound in Hell in the Pacific. Describe Jane Campions use of sound in The Piano. What kinds of sounds do both films have in common? I absolutely loved the sound used in Hell in the Pacific. Much of it was so wild and chaotic, not dissimilar the trapped mens situation. doorman embellished the sound of water in several instances; waves crashing, water droplets, rain. Its probably one of the most important props in the film; after all, you cannot live very long without water. Campion used music very creatively to establish setting and give characters a means of expression. Ada would play, Baines would lust after her music, Flora would sing. Both films, though portray water in very deliberate ways. The Piano begins and ends with the main characters crossing over water to a new home. It seems like the water is trapping Ada here on this island and the first indication of what would be a difficult Journey is the wave crashing upon her and the piano while she played it on he beach. This scene is similar to the one in which the Japanese man, while on lookout, had water crash through his fort, if you will call it that. 6- Billy and Flora While the two characters serve very different purposes in their respective films they are alike in that they have very childlike attitudes. Flora actually is a child and her actions are expected of one of her age. Billy, on the other hand, possesses the shyness and demeanor that a child might but it is most likely attributed to his mental affliction. The two both wear their emotions on their sleeve. Flora very vividly xpresses her disapproval of Ada attempts to contact Baines through her and goes so far as to, twice, betray her own mother. Billy is easily flustered by social situations, is often seen in The Piano entertaining herself. She has a wild imagination and will talk to Just about anyone. Billy tends to hang around the other patients but is still well reserved. He has nervous tendencies; stuttering, lack of eye contact, closed off body language. Another stark contrast between our two youthful characters is that they lie on opposite sides of their respective communication spectrum. Flora acts as a translator for Ada. When Ada wants to be heard she signs to Flora and Flora speaks for her, whereas it seems as though Billy is the one that needs a voice in One Flew. An example of this is during the therapy session when he is clearly uncomfortable and would rather not speak on the subject. It is here that another patient speaks up and suggests that maybe Billy doesnt want to talk about this particular subject. 7- Stewart and Nurse Ratched Two intriguing characters. They are both antagonists to their stories but both seem unaware, at least outwardly that that is their place. Their antagony does not seem to be misplaced though. Nurse Ratched is the head nurse; I think her character is a little deeper than Stewarts. It seems there are many levels to her. Initially she appears as a good well-kept nurse. She is soft spoken yet direct in her tone. It later becomes more apparent that she is more controlling than one might have initially thought. The ward is her world. What she says goes. And even when the patients play her game she always is the victor; the vote, for instance, despite there being Just enough votes to trump her she still refused the boys the baseball game. Its really hard to say whether she is really truly bad though. As head nurse it is her Job to maintain absolute order. In a facility such as the setting she is right to say that even the slightest change would potentially provoke certain patients to cause a difficult situation. Steward, on the other hand, despite his wealth and position he doesnt have complete control. He wants control but Adas will is too strong. Stewart goes to great efforts to try to keep her caged but she prevails. Even when he violently cuts off her finger she does waiver. Even Stewards anger and upset (not necessarily his actions) are understandable. He has brought Ada over to marry him and love him but ever for a moment is this what she wants. Hes frustrated but he truly does try to make her happy. When he cannot please her he falls apart. Ada and the Chief The most obvious similarity is the characters silence the two share. You do at some point in both films get the experience the voice of the characters; Ada, while she narrates the beginning and end of the film and Chief, while he and Mac patiently wait for their punishment and enjoy a stick of gum together. While the Adas and the Chiefs silence is chosen I feel that Chiefs is more of free will than Adas silence. The Chief only ad opted silence as a way to protect himself while in the institution. Ada accustomed to it not only as a habit but as a lifestyle. Youth is when you develop your personality Even in the film it is evident that Chief is effluent in his speaking abilities. When Ada begins to speak again she has a difficult time because she simply never learned to do it well. They both seemed to be hiding themselves somehow. Its unsure exactly what might be affecting Ada, maybe a childhood event of some sort. It does seem clear that Chief is affected by two clashing cultures. His mother is white nd his father native American. His father lost himself in alcohol, he is clearly affected. 9- Mac and Baines Mac and Baines are both deviants to their cultures. They have both been shunned and placed outside of society on one way or another. Baines seemed to have disagreed with his own culture so much he went so far as to remove himself completely from it. He actual mingled into the Maori culture, the natives of the land. In this culture some of the social mores of the colonial white culture are accepted with open arms. Baines is a very emotionally expressive character and he chose to join an expressive culture. Mac is most certainly deviant. But where Baines is more of an introverted deviant Mac displays extroversion in spades. He comes from a workhouse. He was kicked out for getting into a fght with another worker. He chose to run with the verdict that he was crazy because it meant that he would not have to go to Jail. They are both very sexual. Baines provokes a sexually driven relationship between an initially unwilling Ada. He knows what he is doing is unacceptable and its certainly done in secret. Mac, our Type A personality has no qualms about keeping his sexual life and desires out in the open. He has no discretion in discussing it and is very eager in encouraging others, such as Billy to do the same.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- The Melan

The Melancholy Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s tragic play Hamlet is an exercise in the study of melancholy. Let’s explore the in’s and out’s of this aspect of the drama in this essay.    Gunnar Boklund gives a reason for the highlighting of the melancholy aspect of the protagonist in Shakespeare’s Hamlet in his essay â€Å"Judgment in Hamlet†:    In the tragedy of Hamlet Shakespeare does not concern himself with the question whether blood-revenge is justified or not; it is raised only once and very late by the protagonist (v,ii,63-70)and never seriously considered. The dramatic and psychological situation rather than the moral issue is what seems to have attracted Shakespeare, and he chose to develop it, in spite of the hard-to-digest and at times a little absurd elements it might involve. . .(118-19).    Imagery is a factor in the melancholy. The imagery in Othello â€Å"enhances the strain of melancholy in Hamlet by dwelling on sickness and decay [. . .]† (Levin 14). The initial imagery is very bleak and depressing: â€Å"The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father† (Chute 35).    Horatio and Marcellus exit the ghost-ridden ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet. The prince is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father. There is a social gathering of the court, where Hamlet is present,... ...ess, 1999. Rpt. from Introduction to Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. N. P.: Cambridge University P., 1985.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. â€Å"The World of Hamlet.† Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.      

Personnel Five-Year Development Plan: How to Be a Qualified Accountant

Personnel Five-Year Development Plan: How to be a qualified accountant Xingyi Wu 1591926 Personnel Administration V3 Dr. Bahareh Assadi March 07 , 2013 Personnel Five-Year Development Plan: How to be a qualified accountant In the modern society, the developing speed of economy is very fast, which means the world is becoming a business world. As a result of this trend, the role of financial management is getting more and more important.That is why more and more people and companies require accountants with good accounting skills, especially in Canada, in which the tax is so complicated that almost all the peolple need an accountant to take responsbility for their tax. Career goals and objectives There are many successful accountants in the world. For example: Daryl Ritchie, CEO of Meyers Norris Penny LLP, got his start in 1978 as an articling student at the firm,and because of Ritchie’s hard work in 20 years, Ritchie was promoted to CEO and has since led the firm in leadership and growth.Another good instance is Bill Thomas, who is the CEO and Senior Partner of KPMG Canada, started his career with a bachelor of Science from the University of British Columbia in 1989. Thomas began at KPMG in 1990 in Audit practice. Quickly recognized, Thomas soon after moved up to become Audit Leader. Appointed to CEO in 2009, Thomas is now head of the 4,500 employee company(Kristin, 2011). These people are the final goals and objectives to most of the accountants, so do I. My terminal goals and objectives are to be a qualified accountant.I will work in an accounting firm at the beginning time, and after having lots of experience and many clients, I will set up my own accounting firm, that is the ultimate goal and objective in my career. The possible opportunities for career growth In the business world, the importance of accounting has been promoted in recent years. To companies, accountants are essential. They are trained in accounting and are taught to measure, establis h and maintain financial records of great accuracy for companies or individuals, records that have great value for managers, tax authorities and investors.In any business the accountant plays an important role and has many duties. Accountants are responsible for evaluating records provided by the book keepers in order to establish whether the business is progressing or not, and where it lacks improvement. Accountants record financial transactions that take place within the company and prepare financial statements. The most important role of accountants is predicting the cost effectiveness of company strategies and help the overall development of any business through knowledge and technical skill.They are key to the success of any organization, working hand in hand with those who run it(Nacpaf, 2012). To individuals, as I mentioned before, in Canada, almost everyone needs an accountant to help themselves to clarify the items and details of the financial statement, otherwise, they may pay a high price for their financial behaviour because of the strict and complicated tax law in Canada. Considering these two reasons, to set up my own accounting firm has a good prospect. Besides, this business action must have a large number of clients and a huge amount of potential clients, due to this, this action can ensure a very high profit.Therefore, it is a good choice for people who want to be successful. The inventory of current skills, abilities, training, and education It is not very easy to be a qualified accountant. First of all, this person should be good at math and calculating, because being an accountant, this person has to deal with a large amount of numbers. Secondly, this person should be smart enough so that he can try his best to reduce the clients' tax and not break the tax law at the same time.Finally, this person should have abundant knowledge in accounting area. However, there is no company will waste their time on testing whether this person is qualifie d or not, considering of this, this person had better has passed CGA exam. A CGA is an accounting professional with expertise in finance, taxation, business strategy, auditing, management, and business leadership. CGAs must meet the education, experience and examination requirements established, and regularly enhanced, by CGA-Canada(Wikipedia, 2013).After passing all the courses which CGA requires, this person will be qualified enough to do an accounting job. Job satisfaction attributes What attribute people to have an accounting job? For the first reason, getting an accounting job can offer people a stable salary. Some people are not interested in the jobs which are very flexible, they prefer to do things followed some laws or rules, they do not need to think about how they should do this thing, they should only care about what they should do.For the second reason, to have an accounting job is really more than getting a job. People use accounting in their daily lives when they stud y financial statements to make investment decisions, assess interest rates to pay off their house mortgages, and calculate rates for car payment. The last reason is that this job is comparably easy. Firstly, people do not have to work day and night. Secondly, people can even work at home instead of going to their work place. Thirdly, this job is very safe, people won't risk their lives when doing this work.Three action steps to reach the stated career goals and objectives For the first 2 years, the most important thing is collecting the accounting knowledge, starting learning CGA courses and passing the CGA exam. This is also the fundamental period during one's accounting career. A good beginning is half the success. For the following 2 years, after graduating from university, I will enter a small accounting firm. Because of lacking in the accounting experience, probably the big accounting firms will not hire people who just graduate from university.However, as a CGA, to find a job in a small company is not very hard. I will spend these 2 years to accumulate work experience, save money and try to know lots of clients to lay the foundation for setting up my own accounting firm. For the fifth year, after having enough funds and clients, I will set up my own company. This is the ultimate goal and objective in my career. I believe this step will be a milestone in my career life. Potential barriers To be a qualified accountant is a very long and hard period for an international student.For one thing, as I come from China, there are sigificant differences between Canadian and Asian universities, especially when it comes to accounting education. These differences, in conjunction with differences in cognitive and linguistic patterns, constitute formidable barriers that initially prevent successful participation in the Canadian accounting courses(Mary, Matthew& Panadda, 1999). For another, even if Asian students have studied English for a long time or have passed some basic English tests, the language is still the biggest problem during their study time.What is more challenging for Asian students is that they have adapted to their own country's tax law. However, in Canada, they have to learn a totally new tax law in their second language, which is also a intractable trouble for them. Conclusion Being an accountant has many advantages. For instance, people can get a stable salary from this job, they don't have to day and night. Besides, accounting offres people an absolutely good potencial opportunity in business. Therefore, if they can overcome the barriers mentioned before, it's really a good choice to start an accounting firm. ReferencesKristin, Craik. (2011). Canada's Best Accountants. Retrieved from http://www. businessreviewcanada. ca/money_matters/canadas-best-accountants Nacpaf. (2012). Accountants in the company. Retrieved from http://www. nacpaf. com/role-of-accountatns-in-a-company. html Wikipedia. (2013). Certified General Accountant. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Certified_General_Accountant Mary, Beaven. , Matthew, Calderisi. , & Panadda Tantral. (1999). Barriers to Learning Experienced by Asian Students in American Accounting Classes. Retrieved from http://www. fdu. edu/newspubs/barriers. html

Caste System and Religion of Aryans Essay

The second group was of priests, scholars and philosophers and were called Brahmans. These two groups struggled politically for leadership among the Aryans. In this struggle the Brahmans got to be the leaders of the Aryan society. The third group was named as Vaishyas and people of this group were farmers, traders, merchants and craftsmen. The lowest caste were Shudras and were considered as non- Aryans. Members of Shudras were laborers, peasants and servants of other castes. Vaishyas took control of many parts of the region and they made local people their servants. So with the passage of time the Vaishyas who were the farmers and craftsmen became the landlords and businessmen of the society. There was another caste consisted of local people and were called â€Å"Untouchables†. They were not considered as a caste infect. They were outcaste. They were used to perform the least desirable activities like cleaning toilets, dealing with dead bodies etc. They were disallowed to touch high caste and stand at some distance from high castes. This is not enough. Well, they have some other restrictions too. They were not allowed to enter holy places, schools and were not allowed to even touch the things belong to high castes. In some parts of Southern India, even the sight of untouchables was thought to be polluting so they were forced to sleep during the day and work at night. To remain an upper caste of the society, Aryans resolve some rules. The castes were to identify the occupation of people of that caste and some marriage restrictions were also imposed. Castes were unchangable groups. A person belong to one caste can never change his caste. One had to lived, married, ate and worked within one’s own caste. A everything has its own advantages and drawbacks. So the caste system of Aryans also benefited them in some aspects. Marriages within the caste ensured continuity of occupation as the sons usually followed the fathers occupation. This reduced unemployment and brought about perfection of several arts and crafts. Furthermore, since the caste system was based on the principle of division of labor, the Aryans were able to establish and maintain a sound economy. But soon caste system became a social evil. It suppressed an individual’s talent and became an obstacle for his personal development. It gave rise to untouchability and acted against the feeling of common brotherhood. Due to this injustice, many people left it and converted to Islam, Christianity and Buddhism. Religion Aryans seem to have believed in monotheism. They believed that God is one, but he is called by many names. The early Aryans worshipped phenomena of nature in the form of nature gods. They have male or female gods to which they were used to worship. Indra  was the god of strength, foremost in battle, always ready to smite dragons and demons and to destroy cities. He was the God of thunder, the rainmaker. Agni  considered as the God of fire and marriages were solemnized in the presence of fire. Fire was the purest of the five elements and was held in high esteem. Surya  (Sun),  Savitri  (a solar deity to whom the famous Gayatri mantra is dedicated). Varuna  was the god of water. He was the sustainer of plant and animal life. It was his responsibility to uphold the natural order. Soma  (god of intoxicating juice soma). Yama  the god of death and had a prominent place. Vayu   (the god of winds). Prithvi  was the goddess of Earth Usha, the goddess of Dawn. Although a large number of gods are referred to in the Vedas, yet they were polytheistic and believed that there is one god only but with different names. They believed in one god who is the creator, preserver and destroyer of the whole universe and called him Ishwar. Although, Aryans worshiped different signs of powers but yet they believe in only one god. So this can be concluded that they believe in monotheism. This concept is still present among Hindus. They worship Sun, Moon and many other powers as well as many gods. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://adaniel. tripod. com/historycaste. htm [ 2 ]. Dowling, Mike, â€Å"The Caste System of Ancient India at mrdowling. com,† available from http://www. mrdowling. com/612-caste. html; Internet; updated  Sunday, July 10, 2005  .  ©2009, Mike Dowling. [ 3 ]. http://indiansaga. com/history/aryans_religion. html